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121.
Understanding the microenterprise sector to design a tailor-made microfinance policy for Cape Verde 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
José A. G. Baptista Joaquim J. S. Ramalho J. Vidigal da Silva 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2006,5(3):225-241
Two of the central challenges faced by Cape Verde at the present are the high level of unemployment and the increasing proportion of the population living in (relative) poverty. Microenterprise development can be an effective means of addressing both problems in a developing country like Cape Verde, where microenterprises account for about 50% of employment. In this paper we provide a detailed profile of Cape Verdean microenterprises and microentrepreneurs and investigate the relationship between their characteristics and the resort to outside seed capital. We find a cluster of factors—the microentrepreneur’s age, gender, level of education and reason for being self-employed—which influence significantly the probability of being in need for external start-up capital. The policy implications of these findings for the design of a specific microfinance program for Cape Verde are discussed.
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J. Vidigal da Silva (Corresponding author)Email: |
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124.
José-María Montero Tiziana Laureti Román Mínguez Gema Fernández-Avilés 《Review of Income and Wealth》2020,66(3):512-533
This paper focuses on a new strand of research that uses stochastic approach for making spatial price comparisons. We propose a novel method to account for the presence of spatial dependencies in consumer prices and consequently in price indexes by imposing penalization conditions on the estimation of traditional CPD models leading to the spatially-penalized country-product-dummy (SP-CPD) model. The paper proposes an appropriate estimation strategy, which enables us to simultaneously estimate all the parameters in the model, including the smoothing parameter of the penalization term instead of determining it externally. In order to estimate spatial price indexes for areas lacking in price data, we suggest applying the kriging methodology to the price indexes obtained from the SP-CPD model. This new approach is applied to official Italian CPI data for constructing regional spatial price indexes for 2014. The results show that price levels are higher in the Northern-Central regions than in the South. 相似文献
125.
Enrique Navarro-Jurado Yolanda Romero-Padilla José María Romero-Martínez Eduardo Serrano-Muñoz Sabina Habegger Rubén Mora-Esteban 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2019,27(12):1786-1803
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyse the new processes of tourism growth and its conflicts from the perspective of social movements. First, the urban growth machine analysis model is applied by the systematisation of six projects. Second, the resistance movements against those projects and whether this resistance could be the start of local tourism degrowth policies are examined. The methodology is qualitative, based on documentary analysis, participatory observation, discussion groups and interviews. The case study is the destination of Costa del Sol-Málaga. The results enable the development of the urban growth machine model in tourist destinations. Meanwhile, social movements demystify the argument based on neoclassical economic progress. The social movements condemn the effects of large-scale top-down projects, and implement alternative bottom-up proposals. Although the social movements do not reject tourism, they call for greater control over its impact, denounce unlimited growth, overtourism and the loss of urban quality of life. These movements advocate a lifestyle linked to the everyday space, which they believe is threatened by excessive urban-tourism growth. They are a symptom of the need to devise a proposal using the principles of degrowth. 相似文献
126.
In the first phase of pharmaceutical development, and assuming that the probability of positive response increases with dose, the main statistical goal is to estimate a percentile of the dose–response function for a given target value . We compare the Maximum Likelihood and centred isotonic regression estimators of the target dose and we discuss several performance criteria to assess inferential precision, the amount of toxicity exposure and the trade-off between them for a set of some exemplary adaptive designs. We compare these designs using graphical tools. Several scenarios are considered using simulation, including the use of several start-up rules, the change of slope of the dose-toxicity function at the target dose and also different theoretical models, as logistic, normal or skew-normal distribution functions. 相似文献
127.
Review of Derivatives Research - This article derives a new integral representation of the early exercise boundary for valuing American-style options under the constant elasticity of variance (CEV)... 相似文献
128.
José María Gómez Gras Domingo Rafael Galiana Lapera Ignacio Mira Solves Antonio José Verdú Jover Javier Sancho Azuar 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(2):187-198
Given the importance in recent years of the phenomenon of academic entrepreneurship in European universities, knowledge about
determinants and performance of this technology transfer mechanism may have important managerial and policy implications.
Applying the resource-based view at universities, we have tested the influence of five bundles of resources and capabilities
on spin-off activity rates as well as on the performance of new spin-offs in a sample of seven European universities. These
five bundles are: technology transfer policies and strategies; human capital; stock of technology; resources and capabilities
of technology transfer offices; and support measures for academic entrepreneurship. Our results show that excellence of human
capital and the presence of university-based financial support measures are strongly associated with both spin-off activity
and performance. Another interesting finding is related to the availability of university-based non-economic support measures
(training, counselling, etc.), which have no influence on spin-off activity but are significantly associated with performance
of new spin-offs. We also discuss some interesting relationships between explanatory variables. 相似文献
129.
José Ernesto Amorós Oscar Cristi 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(4):381-399
This study analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurial dynamics in Latin-American countries and the level of competitiveness
these countries show. Based on the research conducted by Wennekers et al. [Small Business Economics, 24(3):293–309, 2005] that demonstrates a U-shaped relationship between the country’s rate of entrepreneurship and its level
of competitiveness and economic development, we hypothesize that Latin-American countries have a descending behaviour under
the U-shaped curve approach. The results from three regression models support this hypothesis and suggest that competitiveness
and economic growth deter entrepreneurial dynamics on Latin-American countries. We discuss that Latin-American countries need
to improve some structural factors to achieve a high level of entrepreneurial dynamics.
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Oscar CristiEmail: |
130.
Building on research by Akehurst et al. (Serv Ind J 32:2489–2505, 2012), this study analysed internal and external factors in women entrepreneurship and linked these factors to the barriers that women face when starting businesses. To do so, two contrasting statistical techniques were used: PLS and QCA. After analysing results from each of these techniques, we observed that family duties and difficulties in obtaining financing (both internal and external) were the main factors related to barriers faced by women entrepreneurs. 相似文献