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91.
Testing Gibrat’s Law for Small, Young and Innovating Firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
José L. Calvo 《Small Business Economics》2006,26(2):117-123
This article analyses whether small, young, and innovating firms have experienced a greater employment growth than other Spanish
firms over the period 1990–2000. The study draws upon a sample of 1272 manufacturing firms in which only 967 of the firms
survived for the entire ten year period. The analyses test Gibrat’s law, both by least squares and by utilizing the procedure
proposed by Heckman in which a probit survival equation is first estimated to correct for sample selection bias. Two estimators
correcting for selection bias are utilized: one that incorporates the inverse Mill’s ratio and the other that employs maximum
likelihood methods. All the results reject Gibrat’s law and support the proposition that small firms have grown larger. Additionally,
the results show that old firms grow less than young ones, and innovating activity – both process and product – is a strong
positive factor in the firm’s survival and its employment growth. 相似文献
92.
Michel T. Q. M. Assis Markus Tümpel Maria Raquel Lucas Maria José M. Rainho 《EuroChoices》2023,22(1):37-43
During qualitative research on trust, conducted in a mariculture chain in southern Brazil, the theme of informality emerged spontaneously in most interviews. Although it is difficult to measure, some data and estimates point out that informality is still quite present worldwide, but especially in emerging and developing countries, and this situation was confirmed in the studied supply chain. In analysing the narratives, we noticed that this is a chronic issue which bothers the producers that are properly formalised mainly because of unfair competition, and hinders the organisation of the chain. Some factors foster the persistence of informality, such as family labour and temporary jobs, the low educational level of entrepreneurs, lack of adequate supervision and cultural aspects of producers and their families. We could corroborate the perspectives of modernisation (informality is still persistent), neo-liberal (informal entrepreneurs reject the bureaucracy of an over-regulated market) and post-structuralist (informality is a way of life related to identity, social position and/or resistance against the formal structure) theories. Our research has shown us that the situation found is contributing to a reduction in the number of formal producers and impairing the development of that local supply chain, as well as its sustainability. 相似文献
93.
Pulse Fishing and Stock Uncertainty 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
José-María Da-Rocha Linda Nøstbakken Marcos Pérez 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2014,59(2):257-274
Large variation in stock dynamics affects the accuracy of stock estimates, which fisheries managers rely on when determining quotas and other regulations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications of uncertainty on pulse fishing. We show that as the variance of the random natural fluctuations increases, the optimal pulse length decreases and converge toward a constant-escapement policy. Hence, in fisheries with large natural variability, a constant-escapement policy is a good approximation of the optimal policy. 相似文献
94.
This paper analyzes how the use of endogenous direct advertising affects the functioning of a horizontally-differentiated market. We formulate a two-stage game of pricing and informative advertising in which two firms, first, compete with mass advertising and, later, build a database using their historical sales records and compete by directly targeting the ads on their potential customers. We show that, compared to the case where firms only use mass advertising, direct advertising yields higher advertising efforts and an intertemporal reallocation of both market power and profits from the first to the second period. We also find that targeting increases the overall firms’ profit and the level of social welfare, but the impact on the average intertemporal price and consumer surplus is ambiguous. Finally, when reaching the potential market with mass advertising is sufficiently expensive, the use of direct advertising leads firms to provide the socially optimal level of advertising whereas, if mass advertising is cheap, firms tend to launch too little advertising in the first period and too much in the second. 相似文献
95.
We extend the size–innovation debate by incorporating decision-making style as a relevant factor in the innovation process. We propose that the size of firms affects the scale and quality of product innovation through the adoption of different decision-making styles. Using the literature on cognition, we conceptualize decision-making style as the degree to which firms rely on analytical information for decision making during the R&D process. Using longitudinal data of Spanish firms, we show that, as firms increase in size, they rely more extensively on analytical decision tools for the innovation activity. Additionally, we show that the size of firms is negatively related to product innovation productivity in terms of scale and positively related to the quality, and that these relationships are mediated by firms’ reliance on analytical decision-making style. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications for innovation research and practice. 相似文献
96.
This article estimates agricultural productivity growth in 10 South American countries in 1969–2009 with the objective of investigating if the slowdown being measured in other countries is present in the region. Results show that productivity growth accounts for half of the three‐fold increase in agricultural output during this period and that performance is sensitive to R&D investments in the sector. The slowdown found for the 1990s to 2000s in the U.S. and some European economies does not seem to be present yet in South America. The region's total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate increased steadily from 1.07% during the 1970s to 2.29% during the 2000s. Given lags in adoption and the adaptive nature of innovations in these economies, we have yet to see the potential effects in South American agriculture of decreases in R&D in advanced economies. 相似文献
97.
Francisco Caballero-sanz José J. Sempere-monerris 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(8):697-713
This paper studies licensing policies for the owner of a new product and addresses their welfare impact in the assessment of market failures. We show that the best licensing policy for the patent holder is fixed fee licensing with an exclusive territory clause. Consumers are also better off with fixed fees but do not prefer the exclusive territory clause. Social welfare is higher under exclusive territories when fixed costs are not too large. As for efficiency, the number of licences in the private market equilibrium falls short of the socially optimal solution. Our analysis discloses that (i) any policy measures aimed at enhancing the diffusion of technology, in terms of the number of licences, would be welcomed and, (ii) the permissive treatment received by licensing agreements with exclusive territories is justified. 相似文献
98.
Isabel Ortiz‐Marcos José Ramón Cobo Benita Carlos Mataix Aldeanueva Ángel Uruburu Colsa 《Project Management Journal》2013,44(2):88-97
Organizations are becoming more and more aware of how important it is to strengthen the competences of their project managers. This fact acquires greater relevance in the development and international cooperation sector because of the need to have qualified professionals who can take up the challenges and address the specific demands of an ever more demanding and constantly evolving sector. This article provides the results of research that more than 100 experts in project management and administration participated in to detect which competences are the most relevant in this context. 相似文献
99.
The main objective of this work is to understand the extent to which a relationship exists between static patterns and the dynamic configurations of a firm's export behaviour. The premise of our investigation is that the set of exporting decisions adopted over a period of time can be explained, in part, by the export pattern of the firm at the start of that period. Our empirical work is based on a sample of 754 exporting firms covering a 4-year period (2002–2006). Data were obtained from the Survey of Business Strategies (SBS). Our results support the path dependent focus of internationalisation, find some interdependences among three dimensions of export behaviour (extent, entry mode and scope), in static and dynamic fields, and support the idea that export experience influences some of the changes in foreign behaviour at one point in time, but not all. Our work contributes to the literature as it is one of the first works that (1) simultaneously analyses static and dynamic variables; (2) establishing relationships between both variables; (3) different dimensions of international export behaviour are introduced jointly; and (4) these relationships are contextualised according to the firm's export experience. 相似文献
100.
This study provides insight into the impact of industrial districts on the international activities of firms, in the particular context of one traditional manufacturing industry: the Spanish home-textile industry. Using a sample of 128 manufacturing firms, the paper shows how location influences the timing and levels of exports and imports. Moreover, our results demonstrate how these influences have been diluted in recent years as the home-textile industry becomes more involved in the global arena. Our findings challenge some key arguments exploring the advantages of the district in the international activities of firms; in particular, first, in questioning the capacity of the district to prevent international sourcing, and second, its vulnerability to the threats created by the growing integration of the world economy. 相似文献