The Impact of Liberalizing Trade in Services on Trade in Goods: An Empirical Investigation

In this paper we use a large dataset to explore whether the liberalization of trade in services is beneficial for the international trade in goods. We find empirical evidence supporting this notion. We investigate which types of trade in services are more important for the international trade in goods and find that trade in transportation and communication services generate the largest impacts on trade in goods. We also investigate which types of trade in goods are likely to benefit from the liberalization of trade in services and find that, under the 2‐digit ISTC classification, all the categories are likely to exhibit a positive impact.     

Worker Turnover, Job Turnover and Collective Bargaining in Spain

This paper analyses the relationship between the presence of organized labour in firms (approximated by the scope of collective bargaining) and the extent of gross worker and job flows. According to the voice theory of Freeman, those firms having a union presence will have lower worker mobility. However, there is no analysis of the effects of the presence of organized labour on gross job flows. Using a Spanish data base, we find evidence of the existence of a voice effect on gross worker flows but not clear support for a voice effect on gross job flows.     

Prudent expectations equilibrium in economies with uncertain delivery

In an economy with private information, we introduce the notion of objects of choice as lists of bundles out of which the market selects one for delivery. This leads to an extension of the model of Arrow–Debreu that is used to study trade ex ante with private state verification. Under the assumption that agents are prudent, equilibrium is characterized by the fact that agents consume bundles with the same utility in states that they do not distinguish. This is a weaker condition than the restriction of equal consumption imposed by Radner (Econometrica 36(1), 31–58, 1968), therefore, some no trade situations are avoided and the efficiency of trade increases.     

Competent jerks, lovable fools, and the formation of social networks

When looking for help with a task at work, people turn to those best able to do the job. Right? Wrong. New research shows that work partners tend to be chosen not for ability but for likability. Drawing from their study encompassing 10,000 work relationships in five organizations, the authors have classified work partners into four archetypes: the competent jerk, who knows a lot but is unpleasant; the lovable fool, who doesn't know much but is a delight; the lovable star, who's both smart and likable; and the incompetent jerk, who.. .well, that's self-explanatory. Of course, everybody wants to work with the lovable star, and nobody wants to work with the incompetent jerk. More interesting is that people prefer the lovable fool over the competent jerk. That has big implications for every organization, as both of these types often represent missed opportunities. Because they are liked by a disproportionate number of people, lovable fools can bridge gaps between diverse groups that might not otherwise interact. But their networking skills are often developed at the expense of job performance, which can make these employees underappreciated and vulnerable to downsizing. To get the most out of them, managers need to protect them and put them in positions that don't waste their bridge-building talents. As for the competent jerks, too often their expertise goes untapped by people who just can't put up with them. But many can be socialized through coaching or by being made accountable for bad behavior. Others may need to display their competence in more isolated settings. Intriguingly, managers aren't limited to leveraging people that others like and changing those that others loathe. They also can create situations in which people are more apt to like one another, whatever their individual qualities.     

产权视角下城市社区居委会发展路径研究

我国城市格局逐渐由以单位为基本元素的体制向以社区为基本元素的体制变革,居委会是社区各项事务的管理与服务组织者,产权关系界定不清使居委会成为政府、民众乃至市场竞相逐利的“公共领域”,是导致社区工作效率低下的根本原因。为了明晰居委会的产权界定,实现社区资源的优化配置,市场化道路或者行政化道路应当是两条理想的改革路径。     

A note on how to measure hubbing practices in airline networks

Benefits and costs associated to hubbing practices of airlines are still subject to much debate. In the previous literature, some standard spatial concentration indices have been proposed to measure it. However, we show that these indices are “ill-defined” because they do not take into account the salient characteristic of hubbing: connecting passengers. The purpose of this research is to present a new methodology which avoids the pitfalls of other methods. Our new methodology also analyzes the level of concentration of the connecting passengers studying two different dimensions: hub airports and routes. Finally, we apply our methodology to some US carriers.     

高职学生外语学习焦虑调查分析

外语学习焦虑是影响学生外语学习水平的主要因素之一,学生的焦虑程度与其外语水平呈明显负相关,高职院校学生亦然。英语教师在教学过程中应关注学生的外语学习焦虑情况,并采取有效措施来帮助学生降低焦虑程度。     

科技创新人才区域性需求趋势研究

科技创新人才是结构转型和经济社会高质量发展的重要支撑力量。运用灰色系统GM（1,1）模型,对四川、陕西、上海三省市2017-2021年科技创新人才进行需求预测和比较分析。R语言求解结果表明,三地及高技术产业对科技创新人才的需求数量均呈稳步增长态势,但增速存在区域性差异,新的科技创新人才发展区域性非均衡态势将逐渐形成,区域性人才竞争将进一步加剧。加大科技创新人才培育力度,合理规范人才竞争应成为国家层面的人才政策;加快产业转型升级、优化人才生态环境、提高人才与产业匹配度既是优化人才资源配置效率的关键,也是区域性人才管理工作的重点。     

The contribution of minimum wage valorization policy to the decline in household income inequality in Brazil: A decomposition approach

There is a vast literature that estimates the effect of the minimum wage on wage inequality in various countries. However, as the minimum wage directly affects nonlabor income of families in some countries (in the Brazilian case via the benefits of the pension system and of certain social programs), this article extends the empirical analysis by studying the effects of the minimum wage on the level of inequality of household income as a whole. To accomplish that we employ a decomposition method that gauges the contribution of the increases in the minimum wage that occurred in recent decades in Brazil through the labor and nonlabor sources of household income. The results show that the minimum wage had a contribution of 64 percent to the observed fall in income inequality between 1995 and 2014 and that pensions were the most relevant channel over this period.     

GS1编码体系在汽车零部件标识中的应用及标准化研究

文章通过研究GS1编码体系在汽车零部件标识中的应用,梳理基于GS1编码体系的汽车零部件标识标准体系,为开展基于自动识别技术及相关信息技术的汽车零部件的信息化管理提供标准化支撑。