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71.
Global value chains (GVCs), led by transnational corporations (TNCs), have reshaped the world division of labor over the past two decades. GVCs are pervasive in low technology manufacturing, such as textile and apparel, as well as in more advanced industries like automobiles, electronics, and machines. This hierarchical division of labor generates wild competition at the lower value-added stages of production, where low wages and low profit margins prevail for workers and contract manufacturers in developing countries. At the top of the hierarchy another kind of competition prevails, centered on the ability to monitor and control intellectual property rights related to innovation, finance, and marketing. We argue that GVCs have had crucial effects on income inequality and the appropriation of rents in modern capitalism. 相似文献
72.
"十八大"以后,中国进入新一轮改革时期。新一轮改革是一场问题导向式改革,新时期所出现的诸如经济增长乏力、效率低下、市场秩序混乱等新问题是新一轮改革的逻辑起点,放、激、管三管齐下是解决新问题的主要方式。新一轮改革的目标是处理好政府与市场的关系,而理顺政府与市场关系的关键在于充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用,通过市场发力形成中国经济增长的内生力,探索出一条具有中国特色的市场经济道路,这条道路就是中国模式。 相似文献
73.
This research introduces the multi-product capacitated facility location problem with general production and building costs (MP-CFLPGC). The MP-CFLPGC extends previous problems found in the literature by including multiple products and general production and building cost functions that allow the modeling of different behaviors like economies of scale and congestion. The MP-CFLPGC is formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP). To evaluate the performance of the proposed formulation we analyze the results of a commercial optimizer on a set of 288 randomly generated test instances that resemble the Colombian cement industry supply chain. After one hour the optimizer achieved an optimality gap of 1.0 % or less in 55 % out of the 288 test instances. On average the optimality gap was 3.57 %. Additionally, we propose a randomized mathematical-programming-based heuristic for the test instances where the MILP formulation presents significantly high optimality gaps. 相似文献
74.
75.
Juan Camilo Galvis Ciro 《Applied economics letters》2016,23(14):984-990
This article relates to the literature on sovereign risk in developing countries. In particular, we present empirical evidence to address the effect of inflation targeting credibility on sovereign risk based on the Colombian experience. The findings denote that credibility is an important improvement in the institutional framework to reduce the sovereign risk premium. 相似文献
76.
Inmaculada Beltrán‐Martín Juan Carlos Bou‐Llusar Vicente Roca‐Puig Ana Belén Escrig‐Tena 《Human Resource Management Journal》2017,27(3):403-422
Drawing on the contextual perspective, this study provides novel empirical evidence on how the organisational context (specifically, the firm's human resource strategy) has an effect on employee proactivity. We use matched data from managers and employees in 102 Spanish professional service firms to examine how high performance work systems contribute to enhance employee proactive behaviours through two motivational variables: role breadth self‐efficacy and flexible role orientation. Results of a multilevel study demonstrate that role breadth self‐efficacy mediates between HPWS and employee proactivity, but flexible role orientation does not mediate this relationship. 相似文献
77.
In this paper, we present an algorithm suitable for analysing the variance of panel data when some observations are either
given in grouped form or are missed. The analysis is carried out from the perspective of ANOVA panel data models with general
errors. The classification intervals of the grouped observations may vary from one to another, thus the missing observations
are in fact a particular case of grouping. The proposed Algorithm (1) estimates the parameters of the panel data models; (2)
evaluates the covariance matrices of the asymptotic distribution of the time-dependent parameters assuming that the number
of time periods, T, is fixed and the number of individuals, N, tends to infinity and similarly, of the individual parameters when T → ∞ and N is fixed; and, finally, (3) uses these asymptotic covariance matrix estimations to analyse the variance of the panel data. 相似文献
78.
79.
Quality & Quantity - New methodologies that aim to collect data in innovative ways (e.g. big data) are putting pressure on the traditional surveys based on questionnaires. In order to obtain... 相似文献
80.
We characterize the essential stability of games with a continuum of players, where strategy profiles may affect objective functions and admissible strategies. Taking into account the perturbations defined by a continuous mapping from a complete metric space of parameters to the space of continuous games, we prove that essential stability is a generic property and every game has a stable subset of equilibria. These results are extended to discontinuous large generalized games assuming that only payoff functions are subject to perturbations. We apply our results in an electoral game with a continuum of Cournot-Nash equilibria, where the unique essential equilibrium is that only politically engaged players participate in the electoral process. In addition, employing our results for discontinuous games, we determine the stability properties of competitive prices in large economies. 相似文献