中国海岛旅游研究现状及发展趋势

海岛是世界的旅游热点,改革开放30年来,中国的海岛旅游得到了长足的发展,海岛旅游研究也取得了一定的成果。但无论海岛旅游还是海岛旅游研究,与中国海洋大国的地位还远不相称。文章在对近30年来国内有关海岛旅游文献进行分析的基础上,从海岛旅游资源开发与可持续发展、环境与安全、旅游产品等方面对中国海岛旅游研究现状进行了论述,分析了海岛旅游研究中的常用研究方法,并对研究中存在的问题和研究趋势作了探讨,以期为今后的海岛旅游研究提供思路,促进中国海岛旅游研究的进一步发展。     

辽宁省城市发展质量分析

城市化的推进及城市化内涵的延伸促使城市研究的侧重点逐步从速度、规模等方面转向了质量方面。无论是整体宏观的城市化质量研究还是具体到某个方面的例如人居生活环境的质量研究,学者们都将城市与质量进行了对接。现代化是城市发展质量的本质与核心,因此从城市现代化方面对辽宁省城市发展质量进行评价研究并对其水平进行定位,突出城市现代化不同方面之间的平衡程度即现代化内部结构对城市发展质量的影响无疑具有一定的现实意义。     

旅游地文化空间及其演化机理

旅游活动的文化属性决定了旅游地本质上是为旅游者提供一个文化空间。从旅游地文化的空间研究转向空间的文化研究,并厘清旅游地文化空间的内涵及其演化机理,寻求旅游地的文化发展规律,有助于解决旅游规划与开发中"造文化、造景观"的困境。基于空间生产和景观生态学原理,以及旅游地文化空间的活态性,旅游地文化空间的时间和功能演化是由原居民的生产与生活空间演变为服务于旅游发展的生产与生活空间的过程。旅游地文化空间在形态上,则表现为文化节点、文化轴线、文化场、文化域面等基本空间形态的形成与演化。文化场作为最为重要的空间形态,它是旅游地进行生产、生活与服务的真实场景,体现了人与旅游景观的社会文化关系。     

合作社生猪质量供给困境与治理研究——基于集体行动理论的视角

专业合作社成员在空间分布上呈现出明显的地缘性特征,使得合作社对生猪质量控制具有天然的优势,但仍无法避免成员“搭便车”的困境。文章以奥尔森的集体行动理论为指导,设计了选择性激励、允许成员异质性以及强制措施等治理机制,并通过对金诚众和合作社的案例分析,提出扶持合作社进行生猪品牌建设,提高生猪抽检比例,加强猪肉产品的认证管理等政策建议。     

Learning-by-importing in emerging innovation systems: evidence from Ecuador

Using data from the population of Ecuadorian importers, we examine the extent to which the characteristics of their imports relate to their labor productivity. Results indicate that the technological intensity of imports does not explain differences in labor productivity, although the region of origin of imports explains differences in the manufacturing sector, as imported technologies from advanced regions are associated with superior labor productivity. Nevertheless, as technology intensive imports are not associated with superior performance, we argue that importers from developing countries may use foreign technology inexpertly due to the lack of absorptive capacity and the emerging nature of their national innovation system.     

Can Marketing Help in Tackling Food Waste?: Proposals in Developed Countries

One third of food destined for human consumption is wasted globally, and much of the food waste that comes from high-income or developed countries is caused by poor marketing practices, consumer behavior, and consumption patterns. The present study focuses on developed countries to propose some marketing actions that could help in reducing food waste. A comprehensive analysis was carried out for each marketing variable, to provide a snapshot of actions and proposals that are being developed. Our study highlights the relevance of marketing in contributing to reduce food waste, through the removal of “Buy one, get one free” sales promotions, clarifying date labeling, or raising food waste awareness campaigns. The main contribution of this study is the proposal of marketing actions that help in tacking food waste.     

After over 25 years of accrediting beaches,has Blue Flag contributed to sustainable management?

This paper examines the qualitative, quantitative, and geographical evolution (1987–2012) of the Blue Flag campaign and accreditation process in Spain, a leading coastal tourism destination heading the list of awards. The standard Blue Flag criteria for crowded, developed beaches are now adapting to new demands for natural beaches, but they still fail to capture essential sustainable tourism features, such as limiting user numbers, or preserving and restoring sand ecosystems. Given these shortcomings, some destinations are moving to alternative awards with a higher environmental commitment, such as EMS, ISO14001, and Eco-Management and Audit Schemes (EMAS). A cluster analysis of Blue Flag data for 983 beaches in Spain over 26 years revealed different behaviour patterns: established tourist areas that have always opted for the Blue Flag programme; tourist areas that adopted the Blue Flag early on but replaced it with ISO14001 and EMAS; recently developed destinations applying for the award to boost their tourism promotion; and tourist areas with no well-defined policy that have opted intermittently for Blue Flag. These profiles illustrate the different policies of Spain's Autonomous Regions, and they are useful for tourism managers to verify whether their destination's behaviour pattern contributes to sustainable tourism and matches strategic policies they have designed for them.     

The role of venture capitalist to enhance the growth of Spanish and Italian university spin-offs

The establishment of spin-offs to commercialise university knowledge/technology is a potential mechanism to promote economic and innovative development. Nevertheless, University Spin-Offs (USOs) are usually resource-constrained, especially in obtaining funding, limiting their growth. Venture Capital (VC) investors play an important role in the financing and the improvement of their managerial skills, which are critical for firm growth. This paper aims to explore both the effect of VC partners on the USOs’ growth and the cross-national differences in the role played by them. To study both issues, we empirically analysed 516 Spanish and 904 Italian USOs created by 50 Spanish and 57 Italian universities, respectively, and observed them between 2005 and 2013. The results showed different effects in the Spanish and Italian cases. While in Spain the presence of VC partners positively affects the USOs’ growth, in Italy there is not a significant effect. This evidence calls for systematic policies by public administrations and universities to foster USO growth.     

Modularization of hybrid censoring schemes and its application to unified progressive hybrid censoring

In this paper, a structural analysis of hybrid censoring models is presented. This new modularization approach to hybrid censoring models enables a convenient derivation of distributional results. For instance, it allows to derive the exact distribution of the MLEs under an exponential assumption for very complex hybrid scenarios. In order to illustrate the benefit of this idea, we apply it to four new unified progressive hybrid censoring schemes. They are extensions of already proposed unified Type-I/II/III/IV hybrid censoring schemes to progressively Type-II censored data. The resulting analysis shows that the modularization approach provides a powerful, efficient, and elegant tool to study even more complex hybrid censoring models.