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91.
We model a country's de jure exchange rate policy as the choice from a multinomial logit response conditioned on the volatility of its bilateral exchange rate, the volatility of its international reserves, and the volatility of its effective exchange rate. The category with the highest predictive probability implied by the logit regressions serves as our de facto exchange rate policy. An empirical investigation into the relationship between the de facto classifications and GDP growth finds that growth is higher under stable currency-value policies. For non-industrialized countries, a more nuanced characterization of exchange rate policy finds that those who exhibit ‘fear of floating’ experience significantly higher growth. 相似文献
92.
This paper tests whether more frequent interaction at different spatial levels has a positive effect on the innovation performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the South-West and South-East of Ireland. Based on an original survey, it finds that more frequent interaction generally increases innovation likelihood, but at a diminishing rate, thus suggesting a trade-off between resources dedicated to transforming knowledge into new products and processes. Spatially distant interaction is found to be at least as valuable as proximate interaction, which questions the received wisdom that the best sources of knowledge are regional. Given the value of distant interaction, the results indicate that regional lock-in may be an obstacle to superior innovation performance of SMEs. 相似文献
93.
The National Health Service (NHS) has entered a new world of managed competition, where the purchasing and provision of services are formally separated. Accompanying the changes are major investments in computer systems, which will continue for at least the first half of the 1990s. However, the performance of the NHS in implementing computer systems has been variable, so that now is an appropriate time to review the current status of NHS computing, and to consider the key issues for computing in the new environment. 相似文献
94.
Justin Yifu 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》1999,43(2):179-194
This article applies a general equilibrium model to analyse the impact of new rice technology on household income and uses agricultural household survey data from China to test the implications of this model. It is shown that, when a new rice technology becomes available, the adopting household will reallocate resources to increase rice production and reduce the production of other goods. Meanwhile, the non-adopting households will do the opposite. Thus, the income from rice becomes increasingly concentrated in the adopting households and income from non-rice becomes increasingly concentrated in the non-adopting households. If only one source of income is examined, the introduction of new rice technology increases the inequality of income distribution in rural areas. But, if the total household income is examined, the distributional inequality is mitigated. 相似文献
95.
Justin R. Falk 《Contemporary economic policy》2015,33(1):176-189
I use Current Population Survey data from 2005 through 2010 to compare the wages of federal employees and workers in the private sector who have similar observable characteristics. The distribution of wages differed drastically between the federal and private sectors. In particular, I find that federal employees with no more than a high school diploma earned 21% more, on average, than their private‐sector counterparts, whereas those with a professional degree or doctorate earned 23% less. Overall, the average of federal wages was about 2% higher than the average wage of similar private‐sector workers. Other researchers have found larger differences because they used log‐linearized models, which result in comparisons of geometric means. I show that arithmetic means are more relevant in the context of the relationship between a government's compensation policy and its budget. The discrepancy between differences in arithmetic and geometric means occurs because the wages of federal employees were much less dispersed than those of employees with similar characteristics in the private sector. (JEL J31, J38, J45) 相似文献
96.
Recent scandals in the business world have intensified the demand for an explanation of the causes of corporate wrongdoing.
This study empirically tests the effects of mutual fund management fees and control structures on the likelihood of illegal
activity within mutual fund organizations. Specific attention is given to the presence of agency duality issues in the mutual
fund industry and how this influences the motivations and decisions of fund managers. Findings provide support for the hypothesized
relationship that higher levels of management fees decrease the likelihood of illegal behavior. Additionally, control of the
mutual fund by external management is found to have a negative impact on the likelihood of illegal activity while also acting
as a moderator of the management fee-illegal behavior relationship.
Justin Davis is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management at Ohio University and Doctoral Candidate at The University
of Texas at Arlington. His primary research interests include firm-level entrepreneurship, agency issues in corporate governance,
and venture capital investment.
Dr. G. Tyge Payne is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management in the Jerry S. Rawls College of Business at Texas Tech
University. His primary research interests include organization-environment fit/misfit, firm-level and corporate enterpreneurship;
dual agency issues, and interorganizational relationships.
Dr. Gary C. McMahan is an Associate Professor of Management and Coordinator of the Ph.D. Program in Management at The University
of Texas at Arlington. His research interests include the strategic role of human resources in organizations and corporate
governance and ethics in financial services institutions. He has published over 40 articles, monographs, proceedings, and
book chapters. 相似文献
97.
Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating competitive advantage through streams of innovation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In today's fast-paced competitive environment, firms face the need to be increasingly nimble and adaptive. While often able to establish a certain level of performance based upon existing technologies, firms are equally as often to be left flat-footed in the face of emerging, novel technologies. We discuss strategic entrepreneurship as the means through which firms simultaneously exploit their current competitive advantages while exploring for future opportunities. Achieving a balance between exploration and exploitation consists of more than merely allocating resources evenly between the two processes. As discussed, exploration and exploitation are operationally, structurally, and culturally distinct processes. 相似文献
98.
Matthew Ferguson Kevin Walby Justin Pich 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2016,18(5):477-485
Although the existing penal tourism literature examines displays at penal heritage sites, little research has explored the work of tour guides within them. Drawing from interviews and observations, this article assesses the styles of tour guides working at penal history museums in Canada. We situate carceral guides' styles along a continuum encompassing those who claim to convey historical facts as well as ones who explicitly engage in staging and performance, which are primarily responsive to penal tourists' expectations for fun and entertainment. In the discussion and conclusion, we address the practical implications of this assessment of guide styles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
99.
This study uses data envelopment analysis to evaluate the operating efficiency of a sample of 41 US advertising agencies, based on their profits and expenditures in six key areas (i.e., payroll to employees, other payroll-related expenses, administrative expenses, space and facilities expenses, corporate expenses, and professional fees). The analyses reveal that, on average, 5% of an agency's budget is wasted, incurring the greatest amount of waste in the administrative and corporate expenses. The tobit model also indicates that professional fees contributed the most agency inefficiency overall. 相似文献
100.
Informal finance exists extensively and has been playing an important role in small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing
in developing economies. This paper tries to rationalize the extensiveness of informal finance. SME financing suffers more
serious information asymmetry to the extent that most SMEs are more opaque and can only provide less collateral. Informal
lenders have an advantage over formal financial institutions in collecting “soft information” about SME borrowers. This paper
establishes a model including formal and informal lenders and high- and low-risk borrowers with or without sufficient collateral
and shows that the credit market in which informal finance is eliminated will allocate funds in some inefficient way, and
the efficiency of allocating credit funds can be improved once informal finance is allowed to coexist with formal finance.
Translated from Economic Research Journal, 2005, 7 (in Chinese) 相似文献