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31.
32.
This paper shows that income convergence in an open‐economy setting hinges upon how the time discount rate of the households is determined. As opposed to the case of constant time discount rate where cross‐country income divergence may emerge, the small open economy may catch up with the rest of the world if the time discount rate increases with consumption. In contrast, if the time discount rate decreases with consumption, then the small open economy fails to catch up with the rest of the world under free trade of commodities. 相似文献
33.
Indeterminacy Arising in Multi-sector Economies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We characterize a large class of constant-returns-to-scale economies with standard Cobb–Douglas production technologies, which, when perturbed to incorporate external effects, exhibit indeterminacy or multiple equilibria. The perturbations are constrained to maintain overall constant returns to scale. We characterize the magnitude of the external effects that yield multiple equilibria in terms of the parameters of the unperturbed economy. We show that it is very easy to construct large and plausible classes of economies that exhibit indeterminacy with constant returns to scale, and with external effects that are arbitrarily small.
JEL Classification Numbers: E00, E3, O40. 相似文献
JEL Classification Numbers: E00, E3, O40. 相似文献
34.
35.
36.
Uncertainty and Investment: Some Evidence from the Panel Data of Japanese Manufacturing Firms 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We analyse empirically the effect of uncertainty on fixed investment based on a panel data set of Japanese manufacturing firms. The uncertainty measure, represented by the conditional standard deviation of the sales growth rate, is constructed by employing three different statistical models. We also decompose the demand uncertainty into aggregate, industry-wide, and firm-specific forms of uncertainty. We find that uncertainty, in particular aggregate and industry-wide uncertainty, exerts a significantly negative effect on investment irrespective of the statistical methods chosen. We also find that this negative relationship between investment and uncertainty is closely related to the degree of irreversibility of capital.
JEL Classification Number: D92. 相似文献
JEL Classification Number: D92. 相似文献
37.
The existing literature establishes possibilities of local determinacy and dynamic indeterminacy in continuous-time two-sector
models of endogenous growth with social constant returns. The necessary and sufficient condition for local determinacy is
that the factor intensity rankings of the two sectors are consistent in the private/physical and social/value sense. The necessary
and sufficient condition for dynamic indeterminacy is that the final (consumable) good sector is human (pure) capital intensive
in the private sense but physical (consumable) capital intensive in the social sense. This paper re-examines the dynamic properties
in a discrete-time endogenous growth framework and finds that conventional propositions obtained in continuous time need not
be valid. It is shown that the established necessary and sufficient conditions on factor intensity rankings for local determinacy
and dynamic indeterminacy are neither sufficient nor necessary, as the magnitudes of time preference and capital depreciation
rates both play essential roles.
We have benefitted from discussion with Robert Becker, Eric Bond, Michael Kaganovich, Karl Shell and participants of the Midwest
Macroeconomic Conference in Chicago and the Midwest Economic Theory and International Trade Meetings at Indiana University.
The fourth author acknowledges financial support from the Institute of Economics and Business Administration of Kobe University
and the Institute of Economic Research of Kyoto University to enable this international collaboration. 相似文献
38.
39.
Summary. We consider a discrete-time two-sector Cobb-Douglas economy with positive sector specific external effects. We show that
indeterminacy of steady states and cycles can easily arise with constant or decreasing social returns to scale, and very small
market imperfections. This is in sharp contrast with most of the contributions in the literature in which increasing social
returns are required to generate indeterminacy.
Received: July 31, 2000; revised version: June 5, 2001 相似文献
40.
This paper studies the relation between public capital accumulation and long-run economic growth. We emphasize three phenomena that may be accompanied by the presence of public capital: increasing returns, rivalry, and threshold externalities. We formulate a simple growth model that captures these features of public capital in a tractable manner. Assuming that investment for public capital financed by income taxation, we show that the threshold externalities may generate multiple equilibria, so that the pattern of growth and the realization of a specific steady-growth equilibrium are quite sensitive to the rate of income tax as well as to expectations of agents. 相似文献