Cable and local economic development: Local authority roles and responses

There has been much recent comment about the development of the “information superhighway” and the opportunities that this will create for economic development. Yet elements of such a superhighway are already in place through the activities of cable companies in the UK This paper outlines the development of cable to date and examines the response of local authorities to such developments.     

Book reviews

MARKETING FOR THE SMALL FIRM by Rick Brown (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985), 184 pages, £5.95. ISBN 0–03–910616–0.

THE SELLING OF BRITISH TELECOM by Karin Newman (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1986), 176 pages, £15.95. ISBN 0–03–910639–1.

ADVERTISING WORKS 3 edited by Charles Channon (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985), 317 pages, £20.00. ISBN 0–03–910619–5.

BASIC MARKETING 2nd ed. by Tom Cannon (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1986), 369 pages, £7.95. ISBN 0–03–910603–9.

TRAINING SALESMEN ON THE JOB 2nd Edition by John Lidstone (Gower Press, Aldershot, 1986), 180 pages, £25.00. ISBN 0–566–02414–4.

STRATEGIES FOR INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL MARKETING edited by Peter W. Turnbull and Jean‐Paul Valla (Croom Helm, London, 1986), 310 pages, £29.95 hardback. ISBN 0–7099–2494–1.

PRACTICAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: WHAT WORKS WHAT DOES NOT by Peter M. Kraushar (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, London, 1985), 180 pages, £15.95 hardback. ISBN 0–03–910614–4.     

Endogenous Growth and Trade Liberalization

We develop an endogenous growth model in which trade liberalization has a positive effect on growth. This effect does not depend on marginal re-allocations nor on knowledge-spillovers. Rather, it is due solely to the increase in market size following the integration of product markets. Our result contradicts a widely-help view that trade on physical goodsper sehas no consequences for long-run growth.[F15]     

Evaluation and Choice as a Satisficing Process

The question of whether individuals are rational or irrational in their decision‐making has long been an area of interest to academics and marketers, as the different decision styles require differing use of information sources and choice criteria by consumers during the buying process. As such, marketers would be required to adopt different communication strategies and stress different marketing mix or product features if they were to be successful in influencing the consumer’ s final choice.

The debate can be classified into whether or not consumers follow a formalised decision sequence of search and evaluation leading to final product choice. If consumers are not prepared to commit themselves to the cognitive and behavioural effort required by this formal process then they will satisfice their decision‐making, applying simplifying strategies to arrive at a satisfactory, although not the optimum, choice.

This paper reviews the common assumptions of search and choice, suggesting a three‐stage model which can be used to guide marketing strategy. Research into the decision process used by consumers in the acquisition of a video recorder is used to illustrate the operation of the satisficing model. Implications for marketing strategy are then discussed.     

An Expert System Solution to Mortgage Arrears Problems

This article draws on research into the current level of provision of arrears and debt counselling in building societies, banks and finance houses and concludes that, whilst interest in a consistent and systematic approach to arrears counselling is very positive, progress towards any practical application of Information Technology in the arrears counselling process is slow. In response to this shortfall the article presents a novel approach to arrears counselling through an expert system named Personal Insolvency Strategy Counselling Expert System (PISCES). Work on PISCES at Loughborough University Banking Centre has shown that much of the expertise and knowledge of the experienced arrears counsellor can be captured within a computer-based system. An evaluation of PISCES by interested parties has confirmed that the expert system approach to arrears counselling is valid and that the PISCES system, in particular shows promise.     

Mixed signals in HRM: the HRM role of hospital line managers1

Recently, Haggerty and Wright suggested that HR could be reconceptualised as signals sent to employees rather than practices. We examine this novel approach and consider how it fits in the practice. In hospitals, ward managers are intermediaries in relation to signals that are passed between upper managers and their staff. We discuss to what extent ward managers have the analytical and functional skills required to interpret and convey complex signals to the staff under their jurisdiction. We draw conclusions about the role of ward managers in the HR function of hospitals. There are theoretical and practical implications for the role of line managers more generally, beyond the hospital context.     

How sensitive is executive compensation to organizational size?

Prior empirical research has documented a large cross-sectional correlation between the level of executive pay and firm size. In contrast, this paper examines the association between percentage changes in executive compensation and percentage changes in organizational size. We analyze compensation and size data for executives at several levels of the corporate hierarchy for a sample of 303 firms. Our results indicate that the correlation between compensation and size is much smaller, although still statistically significant, in changes than in levels. This suggests that changes in an executive's compensation are not primarily driven by changes in organizational size.     

Employment effects of technological change

This article examines the debate about whether new technology creates or displaces jobs. It emphasises the occupational dimension, in order to assess some of the policies relating to education, training and income distribution. Finally, the role of technological change is examined in terms of the quality of the resulting job structure and the issue of income and skill polarization.     

International competition and pay,working time and employment: exploring the processes of adjustment

The internationalisation of markets, competition and regulation is increasingly recognised. So far, however, debate about the effects has been largely speculative. This article examines the UK engineering industry. Survey evidence suggests that international comparisons are relatively unimportant, little benchmarking is going on and that stability characterises pay and working time arrangements. Further interview evidence explains that this is because pay and working time are set with employee expectations in mind, whereas it is the treatment of unit costs that reflects international pressures. As a consequence there has been substantial reductions in employment as well as some important changes in work organisation, even if there has been little change in pay or working time systems. In effect, it suggests that there is a form of ‘implicit contract’ taking place. A wider implication is that the main impetus for the ‘Europeanisation’ of industrial relations is likely to come from the growing convergence of costs rather than pressures for wage parity.