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971.
Klaus Hänsch 《Intereconomics》2000,35(6):259-263
In the last five years the European Union has developed at a speed unknown since its beginnings in the Fifties. As a result,
the EU is participating in the last three reserves of the European nation state's sovereignty: the currency, the judiciary
and the military. The achievements already made, not only enlargement, make the reform of the structures of the Union a necessity.
Its institutions must be tailored to these achievements, not just arithmetically adjusted to the increasing number of Member
States.
MEP, former President of the European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium, and Strasbourg, France. The article is based on a speech
given at the Symposium “Challenges for the European Future”, Hamburg, 28 October 2000. 相似文献
972.
How do organizations previously dominated by the state develop dynamic capabilities that would support their growth in a competitive market economy? We develop a theoretical framework of organizational transformation that explains the processes by which organizations learn and develop dynamic capabilities in transition economies. Specifically, the framework theorizes about the importance of, and inter‐relationships between, leadership, organizational learning, dynamic capabilities, and performance over three stages of transformation. Propositions derived from this framework explain the pre‐conditions enabling organizational learning, the linkages between types of learning and functions of dynamic capabilities, and the feedback from dynamic capabilities to organizational learning that allows firms in transition economies to regain their footing and build long‐term competitive advantage. We focus on transition contexts, where these processes have been magnified and thus offer new insights into strategizing in radically altered environments. 相似文献
973.
Reiner Eichenberger David Stadelmann Marco Portmann 《Constitutional Political Economy》2012,23(3):244-260
We explore the quality of political representation of constituents?? preferences for budgetary decisions within a quasi-experimental setting. In the Swiss referendum process, constituents reveal their preferences for budgetary proposals which are either expected to increase or decrease public debts. We match individual politicians?? voting behavior on debt increasing and debt reducing legislative proposals with eight real referendum decisions on exactly the same issues from 2008 to 2011. Thereby, we directly explore deviations of politicians from constituents?? preferences with respect to budgetary policies. 相似文献
974.
Reinhard Neck Dmitri Blueschke Klaus Weyerstrass 《International Advances in Economic Research》2012,18(4):345-366
The paper analyzes the effects of different reactions of fiscal (and to some extent monetary) policies to the Great Recession in Slovenia. We use the model SLOPOL8.1, an econometric model of the Slovenian economy, to simulate the effects of the global crisis under the assumption of no-policy reactions, i.e. assuming that macroeconomic policies are conducted without attempting to deal with the effects of the recession. Moreover, we investigate whether (and if so, how) fiscal policy can reduce or even annihilate the macroeconomic effects of the recession. It turns out that in order to achieve reasonable rates of growth and of unemployment, a highly expansionary design of fiscal policies is required, which is neither realistic nor sustainable. There are strong trade-offs between countercyclical fiscal policies and the requirements of fiscal solvency. Acceptable fiscal policies are mildly countercyclical and are not able to shelter the Slovenian economy from the negative effects of a slump like that occurring during the Great Recession. 相似文献
975.
Debt-to-GDP ratios have grown to unprecedented levels in many industrialised economies. To combat this threat, the authors
call for a global debt brake following the Swiss or German example. The debt brakes should be incorporated into national constitutions
and monitored by independent transnational fiscal councils, which should conduct regular evaluations of national budget plans
in order to ensure that they meet the requirements stipulated by the debt brake. 相似文献
976.
977.
Although there is evidence that regulatory focus is associated with opportunity exploitation, there is a lack of research examining its role at the early stages of opportunity recognition. The present study makes two major contributions to address this gap. First, we demonstrate that entrepreneurs' promotion focus is positively related to opportunity recognition, whereas prevention focus is not significantly related to opportunity recognition. Second, integrating two theories of self-regulation – regulatory focus theory and self-efficacy theory – our findings reveal that a high promotion focus compensates for entrepreneurs' low levels of creative and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in opportunity recognition. Our study extends extant cognitive theories of opportunity recognition. 相似文献
978.
By improving access, without altering the underlying information, computerization of land registration provides a unique case to test for credit supply effects of improved land administration that have often been elusive in the literature. We exploit the variation in the timing of the shift from manual to digital operation of Andhra Pradesh's 387 subregistry offices during the state-wide rollout of this intervention between 1999 and 2005. Administrative data on credit disbursed and registered land transactions from 1995 to 2007 point to significant, though quantitatively modest, increases in credit access in urban but not rural areas. Institutional factors allow us to explain these results. 相似文献
979.
Klaus Matthies 《Intereconomics》1975,10(10):317-320
The uses and drawbacks of foreign capital and multinational enterprises have been discussed more thoroughly in the past few years also in Mexico. The Third World Trade Conference of 1972 (UNCTAD III), at which President Echeverría came forward with proposals designed to involve foreign enterprises in the development process, and the introduction of two laws dealing with investment and technology have stimulated this debate. 相似文献
980.