Should the IMF resort to private credit markets for refinancing?

The International Monetary Fund is at present examining the possibility of borrowing on private capital markets in order to meet its growing refinancing needs. Reservations concerning such a step have been voiced in particular by the oil-importing developing countries. Professor Konrad analyses the pros and cons.     

Empirical Findings on Business–Society Relations in Europe

Based on a theoretical exploration in a previous article, this paper empirically analyzes which issues of SD are taken into account by corporations and stakeholders in what way, and to what extent the concept of sustainable development (SD) can be achieved through stakeholder relations management (SRM) on the corporate level. An important basis for this empirical analysis is a referential framework, which specifies 14 issues of SD. In a first empirical step, the literature-based framework has been operationalized for the business world by analyzing sustainability reports. In a second empirical step, the operationalized framework served as the basis for a survey of selected MNCs. The analyses of the sustainability reports and the survey show how MNCs deal with particular issues of SD and what role they perceive particular stakeholders play. A key conclusion of the article is that SRM indeed promotes SD, but that it is no alternative to predictable government regulation.     

一种基于四相编码和优化阵列的MIMO STAP实现方法

多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达多信号间正交性和天线阵列结构影响空时自适应处理(STAP)性能。为了提高多信号间正交性,提出了基于遗传算法优化提高四相编码的自相关峰值并降低互相关峰值方法,保证了多发射信号间良好正交性,基本抑制了盲速影响。针对天线阵列稀疏导致盲速、阵元密布导致天线孔径过小的问题,基于最大连续孔径思想,提出了一种优化阵列结构,在不显著增加天线阵列长度和阵元数目条件下,与四相编码信号结合,实现了动目标检测。仿真实验证明,基于四相编码正交信号和收发阵列设计,MIMO STAP可实现良好动目标检测性能。     

Taxation and Market Power

We analyze the incidence and welfare effects of unit sales tax increases in experimental monopoly and Bertrand markets. We find, in line with economic theory, that firms with no market power are able to shift a high share of the tax burden to consumers, independent of whether buyers are automated or human players. In monopoly markets, a monopolist bears a large share of the burden of a tax increase. With human buyers, however, this share is smaller than with automated buyers, as the presence of human buyers constrains the pricing behaviour of a monopolist. Several control treatments corroborate this finding.     

浅议绿色高端农业市场的出现和发展

随着市场经济的发展,市场细分不仅存在于商业运营中,传统的农业也逐步从低端向差异化发展,特别是近期绿色高端农业市场的出现及对生产和消费产生的影响趋势愈加明显,而这一市场的出现将对农业种植(养殖)、中间商和消费者带来新的观念冲击,并呈现出勃勃生机.     

论信息处理在个人发展中的作用

当今社会可谓是一个信息社会,信息爆炸以及信息污染这两种现象就是对这一时代的有力诠释。生活在信息环绕之中的个体,如何处理信息,对于自身发展具有重要的影响作用。本文就信息处理的重要性、信息处理的差异性以及如何有效地进行信息处理以推动个人发展三个方面进行了简要论述。     

Global Warming and German Agriculture Impact Estimations Using a Restricted Profit Function

This study uses the concept of shadow prices formeasuring the impacts of climate change. By estimatinga restricted profit function rather than a cost or aproduction function the explanatory power of the modelis increased because of an endogenous outputstructure. Using low aggregated panel data on WesternGerman farmers, the results imply that the agricultural production process is significantly influenced by climate conditions. Simulation results using a 2 ×CO₂ climate scenario show positive impactsfor all regions in Germany. Interestingly, the spatialdistribution of the gains is indicating no advantagefor those regions, which currently suffer frominsufficient temperature. Finally, the importance ofan endogenous output structure is confirmed by thefinding that the desired product mix will drasticallychange.