Environmental and economic development issues in the Polish motorway programme: some findings on local authority attitudes

This paper assesses the relative value attached by Polish local authorities to the development of motorways, as opposed to other national roads. It presents the findings of a survey, (the first of its kind) designed to record attitudes to these plans (which have changed with each successive government). The results are analysed in light of the on-going debate about environmental/economic development issues, polarised also along party lines. Previous analysis of media debate is re-visited. The degree of collaboration between gminas and the Ministry of Transport is explored, but found to be limited. The priorities of most local authorities are local economic development, and the quantity and quality of non-motorway roads are seen at least as important as the construction of new motorways.     

纺织代工企业自创品牌的路径研究

通过文献和案例研究认为,代工企业自创品牌是中国纺织行业企业发展的较好途径,并提出了代工企业自创品牌的动态路径及其特点。旨在为中国纺织行业代工企业寻找最适合自己的自创品牌路径提供参考。     

General equilibrium with differentiated commodities: the linear activity model without joint production

Summary In this paper the existence of a general equilibrium with differentiated commodities is proved for the classical case of a production set with constant returns, spanned by elementary activities without joint production, and with a finite set of primary factors. This framework allows to proceed without strong assumptions concerning substitution possibilities, which are typical in general equilibrium theory with differentiated commodities, but which at least with respect to production are not adequate to the problem. Moreover, in our model general consumption sets are allowed. Thus true intermediate products are not excluded. Furthermore the possibility of survival without trade is not assumed.I am indebted to E. Dierker, M. Hellwig, K.J. Koch, A. Mas-Colell, M. Nermuth, W. Neudeck, and to an anonymous referee for comments and suggestions. Of course, I am responsible for any shortcomings. Finally, support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB 303 is gratefully acknowledged.     

Does a Clean Development Mechanism Facilitate International Environmental Agreements?

When politicians negotiate in international climate conventions they may suffer from incomplete information for each other’s preferences for reaching an agreement. As is known, this may cause failure to reach an efficient cooperative agreement. We study the role of cross border abatement provisions in the likelihood of such failure. For instance, the clean development mechanism was introduced in the context of the Kyoto Protocol to allow countries to make efficiency-enhancing use of cross-country low-cost mitigation opportunities. We use a simple bargaining framework to uncover why this mechanism may reduce the likelihood of reaching an efficient cooperative climate agreement.     

Endogenous fertility and modified Pareto-optimality

In a world of endogenous fertility, where the number of descendants is an integral part of the economic allocation, the traditional concept of Pareto-optimality cannot be applied any longer: the number of individuals to be present on earth may vary between any two allocations we wish to compare. Therefore, the concept needs to be modified in order to give new life to the discussion of economic efficiency. This work introduces a straightforward variation of the Pareto-principle and characterizes the optimality of economic allocations according to this concept. It is shown that some of the well-known traditional results on intertemporal optimality do no longer hold. In particular, lump-sum tax instruments (or the rearrangement of initial endowments) are no longer a sufficient tool to achieve efficiency. Received: March 2003, Accepted: September 2005 This work has greatly benefitted from comments by Oded Galor, Karl Shell, Vasco Santos and an excellent anonymous referee. Many thanks to the Editor of this Journal for providing an impeccable refereeing process. Support by the European Union via the Human Capital and Mobility Grant #ERBCHBICT941218 is gratefully acknowledged.     

Clearer Polarization in Textile Industry

Lang Xianping, a Chinese economist, once said that in China the ,economy is polarized. That is to say. some industries are excessively hot, while others are excessively cold. The situation of textile industry becomes clear： it is not simply excessively hot or cold. This misunderstanding is resulted from people＇s focus on just parts of the whole industry. For example： last year,     

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