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31.
Understanding the effects of operational conditions and practices on productive efficiency can provide valuable economic and
managerial insights. The conventional approach is to use a two-stage method where the efficiency estimates are regressed on
contextual variables representing the operational conditions. The main problem of the two-stage approach is that it ignores
the correlations between inputs and contextual variables. To address this shortcoming, we build on the recently developed
regression interpretation of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to develop a new one-stage semi-nonparametric estimator that
combines the nonparametric DEA-style frontier with a regression model of the contextual variables. The new method is referred
to as stochastic semi-nonparametric envelopment of z variables data (StoNEZD). The StoNEZD estimator for the contextual variables is shown to be statistically consistent under
less restrictive assumptions than those required by the two-stage DEA estimator. Further, the StoNEZD estimator is shown to
be unbiased, asymptotically efficient, asymptotically normally distributed, and converge at the standard parametric rate of
order n
−1/2. Therefore, the conventional methods of statistical testing and confidence intervals apply for asymptotic inference. Finite
sample performance of the proposed estimators is examined through Monte Carlo simulations. 相似文献
32.
F. Reed Johnson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2006,34(1):45-50
There are very few studies that quantify the interactions and tradeoffs between statistical and cognitive efficiency in designing
stated-choice studies. While a conceptual framework for evaluating cognitive strategies would be desirable, Hensher adopts
a strictly empirical approach in this experiment. The success of the study must be evaluated in light of his aggregating attributes
rather than controlling the number of attributes, asymmetry in the narrow-range and wide-range attributes, and lack of orthogonality
between the number of attributes and number of alternatives. Nevertheless, Hensher challenges uncritical acceptance of any
given set of design features and correctly insists that we confirm our experience with rigorous, quantitative experiments. 相似文献
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A simple model of employment contracting is employed to examine the effectiveness of just‐cause provisions in alleviating employer opportunism in two types of efficiency wage contracts—standard contracts, in which wages exceed the worker's marginal contribution, and deferred wages, which are paid after a period of tenure in the firm. It is argued that just‐cause employment policies are necessary and sufficient to prevent employer opportunism when standard efficiency wages are utilized. However, just‐cause policies are not sufficient to deter employer opportunism when employment contracts are of the delayed‐payment type. In these contracts, other contractual provisions, such as severance provisions, are also necessary. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
37.
Pamela Wicker John C. Whitehead Bruce K. Johnson Daniel S. Mason 《Applied economics》2017,49(52):5287-5295
This study examines the private consumption benefits of sports attendance using revealed and stated preference data from 28 Football Bundesliga teams across three divisions. Survey respondents were presented with positive (sporting success) and negative (management failure) scenarios and asked for the number of game trips if each scenario occurred. The results of a pooled random effects Poisson model show that travel costs and ticket price have a significant negative effect on the number of home game trips. The weighted consumer surplus per game trip including travel costs and ticket prices is €345. Consumer surplus per game trip was found to change by €41 (first division) and €98 (second and third division) if the positive scenario occurred and by €39 if the negative scenario occurred. 相似文献
38.
Abstract:The religious economics (not economics of religion) concern here is the relationship between the World Zionist Organization (WZO) and Israel, which is known as a geopolitical power in its region and which is also known as an economic success story. Joseph Schumpeter and Karl Polanyi explained how the political economy of medieval Europe was influenced and guided by Christian morality. This paper extends the analysis of religious economics by using the social fabric matrix of original institutional economics to define and structure the integration of the WZO, Israel, and the Diaspora countries. This allows us to observe how to conduct such work and to learn how Israel is guided and influenced by the WZO. It also helps to explain Israel’s “risk of tearing itself apart” as noted in a recent article in the New York Times. 相似文献
39.
This study tests the hypotheses that environment, diversification strategy, and union/nonunion setting affect the number and variety of employee participation programs. A survey of large U.S. manufacturing firms measured the implementation of employee participation programs. Regression results suggest that environmental pressures exert a direct effect on participation in union settings. However, in nonunion settings, environment and diversification strategy both correlated directly with participation. These results suggest that unions could potentially affect participation program implementation. 相似文献
40.
This paper uses a causal map methodology to consider the contrasts between entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes. In evaluating a series of propositions drawn from the extant literature the study finds that the elicited causal maps are consistent with contrasts in entrepreneurial intentions, but not outcomes. This suggests that the existing emphasis on entrepreneurial strategies being deliberate, conscious processes may be misplaced: non-deliberate, emergent strategies may be just as influential in producing entrepreneurial outcomes. The study develops a series of output propositions suggesting that entrepreneurial outcomes are associated with causal maps which connect the internal operations of the business with the external environment. This implies that entrepreneurial success may be a result of intuitive systems thinking in which connections are made between the environment and the internal operations of the business. 相似文献