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991.
Grossman and Helpman highlighted a political framework to internalize inefficiency incurred due to unilateral trade policy implementation by sovereign countries. This paper extensively adopts their framework to explore the effects of special interest politics on governments under negotiation to forge international environmental standards to control global emission. Particular attention is given to a case in which negotiation is driven by transferring the abatement technology. Within a specific factor model of international trade, improving the abatement efficiency through technology transfer can give the most mutually beneficial outcome, achieving the lowest level of global pollution compared to other political benchmarks. 相似文献
992.
Jasmine Siu Lee Lam 《NETNOMICS》2010,11(1):33-46
Ship routing and scheduling is an important activity for ship operators at both planning and operation levels. Ship operators,
as commercial entities, have to closely monitor routing and scheduling in relation to their financial implications. This paper
presents an integrated approach for port selection, ship scheduling and financial analysis. It aims to discuss the architecture
and the major features of an integrated intelligent system for liner shipping. Currently many liners still perform ship routing
and scheduling manually based on professional knowledge and experience. The proposed system is developed with an international
liner company and is flexible to account for user inputs according to the real situation in the port selection module. Also
the system provides two modes in the scheduling module: automatic and manual. The automatic mode makes use of an optimisation
model to find the optimal proforma schedule (PFS). The manual mode allows manual modifications to be performed to accommodate
the existing liners to allow for a smooth implementation. The financial analysis module examines the financial consequences
of the PFS which are crucial for making commercial decisions. As a whole, the solution algorithm calls for an integrated approach
that can integrate data from various sources with different levels of certainties and accuracies, knowledge gained from practical
operations and optimisation routines. The system will be useful for ship operators in liner shipping. 相似文献
993.
This paper examines the optimal output taxes for polluting oligopolists under endogenous market structure, in the presence of external costs that vary exogenously with aggregate output. For general functional forms, we show that (i) the equilibrium number of firms in an industry may differ from the socially optimal number of firms and (ii) the second-best optimal taxes under imperfect competition could be less than, equal to, or greater than marginal external damages depending upon the curvature of market demand. 相似文献
994.
Bill Lee 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2000,12(2):213-228
In contrast to arguments that flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are highly versatile configurations that are only prevented from machining a wide range of parts by extrinsic constraints, this article contends that FMS are a genre of configurations that combine flexibility and intrinsic constraints in a variety of permutations, depending on a user's intended objectives. Empirical evidence is used to identify the factors that shape the levels of constraint in particular FMS and to identify instances where intrinsic constraints impede performance. Suggestions are made for initiatives to facilitate the continued use of FMS with the highest levels of intrinsic constraints that have hitherto hindered performance when the FMS users' manufacturing needs changed. Occupational structures that promote a polarization between staff with engineering knowledge and those responsible for defining general strategic objectives are suggested as a potential obstacle to such initiatives. 相似文献
995.
An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand equity 总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46
Boonghee Yoo Naveen Donthu Sungho Lee 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2000,28(2):195-211
This study explores the relationships between selected marketing mix elements and the creation of brand equity. The authors
propose a conceptual framework in which marketing elements are related to the dimensions of brand equity, that is, perceived
quality, brand loyalty, and brand associations combined with brand awareness. These dimensions are then related to brand equity.
The empirical tests using a structural equation model support the research hypotheses. The results show that frequent price
promotions, such as price deals, are related to low brand equity, whereas high advertising spending, high price, good store
image, and high distribution intensity are related to high brand equity.
Boonghee Yoo (Ph.D., Georgia State University) is an assistant professor of marketing at St. Cloud State University. His research interests
include brand equity, cross-cultural scale development, service quality, retail productivity, Internet marketing, and marketing
methodology. He has published previously in theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Business & Industrial Marketing, theJournal of Service Research, and theJournal of Marketing Channels.
Naveen Donthu (Ph. D., University of Texas, Austin) is a professor of marketing at Georgia State University. His research interests center
on research methodology, site selection models, comparative and outdoor advertising, brand equity, Hispanic consumer research,
cross-cultural issues, and customer satisfaction. His work has appeared in journals such asMarketing Science, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Consumer Research, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Advertising, theJournal of Advertising Research, theJournal of Retailing, and theJournal of Business Research.
Sungho Lee (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) is an assistant professor of marketing at the University of Seoul, South
Korea. His research focuses on understanding consumers’ cognitive processing of brand and price information, brand extension
and brand equity, and advertising-driven persuasion processes. He has published previously inAdvances in Consumer Research, Asia-Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, Academy of Marketing Science-World Marketing Congress,
Korean Marketing Review, andKorean Management Review. 相似文献
996.
This paper examines the degree to which the learning by doing (LBD) externality calls for an undervalued exchange rate. We obtain mixed results. For an economy where the LBD externality operates in the traded sector, real exchange rate undervaluation may be used to internalize this externality, if the LBD calls for subsidizing employment in the traded sector. If the LBD externality is embodied in aggregate investment, the optimal policy calls for subsidizing the cost of capital in the traded sector, and there is no room for undervalued exchange rate policy. 相似文献
997.
At each age an organism produces energy by foraging and allocates this energy among reproduction, survival, growth, and intergenerational transfers. We characterize the optimal set of allocation decisions that maximizes fitness. Time preference (the discount rate) is derived from the marginal rate of substitution between energy obtained at two different times or ages, holding fitness constant. Time preference varies with age in different ways depending on whether an individual is immature or mature, and during the transition between these stages. We conclude that time preference and discount rates are likely to be U-shaped across age. 相似文献
998.
999.
Pei-Chun Lee Author Vitae Hsin-Ning Su Author Vitae Feng-Shang Wu Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2010,77(3):466-478
This study aims to obtain global technology evolution by constructing and analyzing patent citation network and patent citation map for the field of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite. A total of 1421 patents are retrieved from USPTO patent database and patent citation network is established by combing both patent citation and social network analysis. Network properties, e.g. Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality, are calculated for representing several technology evolution mechanisms that first proposed in this study. Also, a distance-based patent citation map is constructed by calculating relative distances and positions of patents in the patent citation network. Quantitative ways of exploring technology evolution are investigated in this study to unveil important or emerging techniques as well as to demonstrate dynamics and visualization of technology evolutions. 相似文献
1000.
ABSTRACT This report presents the first study to address sentiment toward advertising, materialism, and vanity in the globalized city of Dubai. A conceptual model is developed and subsequent hypotheses are tested via structural equation modeling. The main research findings suggest that consumers in Dubai exhibit positive perceptions of advertising as well as higher levels of materialism and vanity. Sentiment toward advertising is found to positively influence materialism levels, while materialism strongly influences views, concern for physical appearance, and personal achievement. Sentiment toward advertising, however, has no direct effect on any vanity trait, suggesting that vanity is more an internal personal trait. 相似文献