基子知识视角下的企业家精神

本文通过封国内外有关知识资本、企业家和企业家精神的文献研究和总结，在知识视角下封企业家理论进行简要回顾，得出企业家精神的实质是创新精神，更是识别创新机会、把握创新机会的过程的结论。使用信号传递模型，分离条件假设以及斯宾赛一莫裹斯条件建立模型，说明企业家的沟通成本对企业创新的影响。本文为企业家精神的研究提供一个新的视角或认识工具。     

兵团机采棉技术推广制约因素分析

机采棉技术推广是一种先进的农业技术,推广机采棉是兵团植棉使上的又一次革命。自1996年兵团开始机采棉技术的研究,至今已经十年多了,在过去的十年中,兵团机采棉的播种面积、采收面积和设备投入总体呈现上升趋势,显现出兵团机采棉技术推广的一些成果。但是将机采棉技术推广的结果与兵团植棉面积和需求相比,它与兵团棉花采收的实际需要和技术推广的目标相距很远。原因何在?本文从政策、经济、技术等方面分析了制约兵团机采棉技术推广的主要因素,提出了相应对策。     

Distance and trade: Disentangling unfamiliarity effects and transport cost effects

This paper provides evidence supporting Grossman's (Comments on Alan V. Deardorff, Determinants of bilateral trade: Does gravity work in a neoclassical world?. In: Jeffrey A. Frankel (Ed.), The regionalization of the world economy. Chicago: University of Chicago for NBER; 1996) claim that not only transport costs but also unfamiliarity can explain the negative correlation between geographic distances and bilateral trade volumes. A gravity model that controls for as many natural causes of trade as possible reveals that countries high in uncertainty-aversion (based on Hofstede's survey) export disproportionately less to distant countries (with which they are presumably less familiar). More important, this result is mainly driven by differentiated products, not by products with international organized exchanges or with reference prices. For transport costs alone to explain such a trade pattern, one would have to assume that distance-related ad valorem transport costs are higher when a trade route originates from a high uncertainty-aversion country, which is unlikely. This trade pattern is easy to explain, however, if one accepts that geographic distance is a proxy for unfamiliarity and that exporters in high uncertainty-aversion countries are more sensitive to informational ambiguity. A further result is that high uncertainty-aversion countries trade less and thus grow poorer in the long run, which suggests that cultural factors are as important as geographic ones in determining trade openness and prosperity.     

利用交叉套期保值防范价格风险

在目前我国期货市场交易品种有限的情况下,一方面,期货市场应加快推出新品种的进程以满足众多企业的套期保值需求,另一方面,广大企业应当积极利用交叉套期保值,并采用实例分析,确定风险最小化的最佳套期比.     

美国社会保障制度的效率取向及其对我国的启示

公平与效率是社会保障领域的永恒话题。美国从实施社会保障制度之始,一直坚持效率优先的政策取向,这充分地从制度的目的、项目的设置、资金的筹集和运营、社会保障给付、管理体制等社会保障制度的中心环节体现出来。究其原因,美国的政治、经济、文化背景决定了这一选择。虽然国情各异,但分析以效率为取向的美国社会保障制度对我国现阶段社会保障制度在公平与效率上的权衡具有借鉴意义。     

Resource constraint,sustainable economic growth pattern and transformation of economic system in China

Over the past 20 years, China has made spectacular achievements in economic growth as well as in thetransformation of economic growth pattern. Industrial structure is being updated, and technology is playing a more andmore important role in economic development. The energy and resource consumption in many industries and enterprisesare reducing. However, we should realize that there are still many problems in changing the economic growth pattern,such as high input, high consumption, high discharge, inharmony, recycling difficulty, and low efficiency, which havegreatly impaired and restrict Chinese economic development. Therefore, the fundamental change of the economic growthpattern is inevitable. Based on the analysis on the status quo and the exploit of resources, this paper suggests that thetransformation from unsustainable to sustainable growth is the only choice in changing the economic growth pattern. Inaddition, the transformation should not completely rely on the fundamental effects of market mechanism. We should makefull use of the power of governments to speed up the transformation of economic system.     

知识管理及其应用

知识管理就是在最恰当的时间传递最恰当的知识给最恰当的人,使他们能够做出最恰当的决策并避免重复性的劳动或重复性的错误;知识管理是一个整体的、综合的概念,包容了心理、组织、文化、信息技术等诸多方面的因素;知识管理系统地管理重要的企业知识以及知识的创造、收集、整理、传播和利用过程;知识管理需要将个人知识转变为企业知识,并在整个企业中以合适的方式进行应用和共享。它的实施是一个十分复杂的过程,涉及到企业管理的各个方面,对于不同的企业,实施的过程也不一样。     

论我国生产者责任延伸制度的实施

文章从生产者责任延伸制度的内涵出发,深入分析了生产者责任延伸制度的三要素,结合我国当前固体废物的管理现状,论证了实施生产者责任延伸制度的必要性和重要意义,并联系实际,为构建适合我国国情的生产者责任延伸制度体系提出了一些对策和建议。     

知识经济时代大型企业财务管理问题与对策分析

文章综合分析了知识经济对大型企业集团财务管理发展产生的影响,针对当前企业集团财务管理面临的预算制度不健全、风险估算不足等问题,通过对企业集团财务管理模式的选择与研究,探讨适合知识经济时代下企业集团财务管理模式的对策.