银行机构扩张、支付工具改进与城镇储蓄存款增长——制度变量对货币需求影响的一个分析视角

规模变量、机会成本变量及制度变量是决定货币需求的三个因素,但一直以来货币需求研究主要聚焦于规模变量及机会成本,而较少考虑制度变量的影响。本文以银行机构及支付工具作为制度变量,从理论推导与实证分析两个方面探讨其对货币需求的影响,结论表明改革开放以来商业银行机构扩张及支付工具的改进节省了城镇居民的现金需求,而推动了城镇储蓄存款的增长。     

Selective enforcement of regulation

Regulatory agencies may, whether outside of set rules or within their discretion, depart from the original goals or principles set for enforcing the rules, which we term selective enforcement. Taking China, a country in transition, as an example, and using cases and large-sample tests, we present empirical evidence of selective enforcement. The results show that the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) takes into account whether companies violating the rules have a state-owned background and the strength of that background when investigating and punishing non-compliance. After controlling for the degree of violation, state-owned-enterprises (SOEs) are punished less severely than private companies; and the higher the hierarchy of the SOE in question, the less severe the punishment. It also takes longer for SOEs to be punished. We also find that companies that violate the rules less seriously have a greater tendency to apply for refinancing than those that violate the rules more seriously. This may be because the severity of the violation can affect listed companies’ expectations of obtaining refinancing. The analysis and conclusions of this study prove useful in understanding the causes and consequences of selective enforcement in transition economies.     

MNC Strategic Responses to Ethical Pressure: An Institutional Logic Perspective

In this study, we aim to investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) balance ethical pressures from both the home and host countries. Drawing on theories from institutional theory, international business, and business ethics, we build a theoretical framework to explain the ethical behavior of MNCs. We apply the institutional logic concept to examine how MNCs with established logics and principles that have grown in the home country respond to local ethical expectations in the host country. We differentiate the core values from the peripheral components of a MNC’s institutional logic and propose that a MNC will pursue distinctive ethical strategies under different scenarios and choose the “right” configuration of core values and peripheral components that align with institutional environment in host countries.     

发展非公有制经济必须继续解放思想

经过二十多年磕磕碰碰的发展．到现在我国非公有制经济已经成为国民经济中一支重要力量。但是，中国非公有制经济是在改革开放前公有制一统天下的背景下破土而出的。那时的主流观点认为．私有制是万恶之源；社会主义与资本主义势不两立；中国要建成社会主义，必须把非公有制经济消灭干净，让它永远不得翻身。     

The Effect of Entering the WTO on the Oil Industry and the Economy of Taiwan

The crude oil price of the world increased two‐fold during 1999–2002. The price of domestic oil products for the same period increased with a smaller percentage, i.e., 27 per cent. This phenomenon could be attributed to Taiwan's oil market liberalisation after 2000 and its entering the WTO since November 2001. According to this study, the effect of entering the WTO itself suppressed the oil price from increase by 15.455 per cent in 2002. It also reduced the inflation rate by 0.74 per cent and increased the economic growth by 0.39 per cent. Nevertheless, entering the WTO also increases the competition in the oil industry, which is a big challenge to the domestic oil refinery sector and the state‐owned Chinese Petroleum Corporation in particular. The price decrease of oil products also increases the demand for oil products and exacerbated air pollution and CO₂ emissions. For minimising the negative impact of entering the WTO on the economy, the Taiwan government has devised a series of preparations in the last decade. Those preparations include a step‐by‐step market liberalisation plan, a strategy taken by the state‐owned CPC, a new taxation implementation and the legislative works such as the Petroleum Act. This experience might be worthwhile for the reference of other economies.     

Construction and Application of Vegetables Intelligent Expert System based on the Internet of Things Technology

Taking the intelligent expert system of an agricultural company in internet of things in Beijing as an example,this paper discusses construction of a new generation of expert systems and its application.The paper describes the system structure of intelligent expert system and its 9 function modules.This system includes mainly three function modules as follows: the module of real-time environment display with function of showing the live video pictures and greenhouse environment parameters,the module of pest warning with function of warning pest outbreak probabilities,the module of vegetables mature degree with function of showing vegetables' mature degree number.The two main functions in the course of practical application are automatic alarm of system and management assistances.The article later makes a brief summary of the problems encountered by the expert system in the process of application and popularization.The paper last listed the cost reduction measures and the improvements to increase extension effect.     

混业经营:我国金融业的发展趋势

随着入世的临近 ,关于我国金融业是采用分业经营还是混业经营模式问题 ,再次成为理论界和实务界讨论的焦点。本文探讨了两种模式的利弊 ,以及我国分业经营模式形成的原因 ,提出在新的形势下 ,混业经营是我国金融业发展的必然趋势。     

番禺工业转型分析

一、番禺工业转型的必要性及其方向。1．番禺工业转型的必要性。首先，是工业用地、劳工、环保成本上升。番禺工业用地成本上升太快，在珠三角竞争力减弱。而且用地报批程序复杂、税费较高，土地置换、调配工作任务重、难度大，因此，工业用地供不应求的现象较为突出。此外，随着劳工成本上升以及省市区对环保标准的提高和执法力度的加强，传统产业面临较大的成本压力，转型或外迁势在必行。     

男护士心理健康研究初探

传统上护理工作大多由女性承担,男性选择护理工作将会承受着巨大的心理压力,文章通过分析造成男护士心理压力的来源,并提出相应对策,使男护士生理、心理均衡发展,以充分发挥男护士的优势,为其职业规划提供依据。     

旁地产价格增长是否阻碍城镇化进程——基于我国31个省级单位面板数据的经验分析

通过对我国31个省级单位面板数据进行实证研究，发现从全国整体来看，房地产价格上涨对城镇化进程体现出正向促进作用，但是根据地区层级上的分析，在中西部地区房地产价格增长对城镇化具有显著的负向抑制作用。可见，现阶段房地产价格显然在阻碍城乡间劳动力要素流动方面扮演了重要角色。不断增长的房价增加了城镇化成本，对于农村劳动力转移起到阻碍作用。因此，为了保障新型城镇化的实现，必须通过土地、财政、金融等制度变革与其他市场化手段相结合，遏制房地产价格继续过快上涨，从而实现房地产市场与新型城镇化的协调发展。