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11.
The trade-off between income distribution and stabilization is one of the least understood in development economics. The paper reviews the recent literature on the effects of devaluation and monetary and fiscal policy. Devaluation is shown to have a significant impact on incomes through both its expenditure switching and reducing effects, this varying with the time perspective taken. The implications of these effects for poverty are explored, and shown in principle to be complex and uncertain. Similarly, monetary and fiscal restraint is shown to influence income distribution through changes in the level and structure of output. How changes in monetary and fiscal policy affect the poor in developing countries is again difficult to determine theoretically. The labor market is shown to be a key determinant of how policy changes are transmitted to poverty groups. The paper concludes that rigorous empirical research on this subject is long overdue. 相似文献
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Lionel Fontagné Michael Freudenberg Guillaume Gaulier 《Review of World Economics》2006,142(3):459-475
We provide a systematic decomposition of world trade using harmonized bilateral flows at the most available detail (some 5,000
product categories), into three trade types: inter-industry, intra-industry in horizontally and in vertically differentiated
products. The analysis is diachronic and considers country pairs such as France-Germany, United States-China, Malaysia-Singapore,
or India-Nigeria.
We show that the increase in IIT at the world level is due to two-way trade of vertically differentiated products. We find
France and Germany having the highest share of IIT in their bilateral trade among all country pairs in the world. In value
terms, the most important bilateral IIT is between the United States and Canada. Recently, specialization according to the
classical theories of international trade (inter-industry trade), has recovered, due to the increasing participation of emerging
economies in world trade.
JEL no. F14, F15 相似文献
18.
Christophette Blanchet-Scalliet Nicole El Karoui Monique Jeanblanc Lionel Martellini 《Journal of Mathematical Economics》2008
Many investors do not know with certainty when their portfolio will be liquidated. Should their portfolio selection be influenced by the uncertainty of exit time? In order to answer this question, we consider a suitable extension of the familiar optimal investment problem of Merton [Merton, R.C., 1971. Optimal consumption and portfolio rules in a continuous-time model. Journal of Economic Theory 3, 373–413], where we allow the conditional distribution function of an agent’s time-horizon to be stochastic and correlated to returns on risky securities. In contrast to existing literature, which has focused on an independent time-horizon, we show that the portfolio decision is affected. 相似文献
19.
Over a 50 year period, Australian Rules football's major league, the Victorian Football League, did not always use its largest and best-equipped stadium for regular season games between its most popular teams or schedule those teams to play twice in a regular season. We calculate deadweight losses from the use of capital goods (stadiums) and effects of match scheduling in this professional sports league. Such analysis has not been attempted previously because of the absence of a counterfactual. The welfare losses were significant but not sufficient to threaten the survival of a distance-protected cartel. 相似文献
20.
This paper deals with the optimal regulation for cost-reducing R&D and pricing in natural monopoly that is privately informed on its efficiency. We extend the work of Cantner and Kuhn (Rev Econ Des 4:191–204, 1999) and then we are able to analyse the entire effects of the interplay between agent’s efficiency and investment in R&D particularly considering the substitutability case. 相似文献