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72.
刘大平 《河北经贸大学学报》2003,24(3):43-45
实行消费型增值税有利于加快企业发展,提升产品竞争力。目前我国已具备增值税转型条件,宜采用“一步到位”方式,但不宜提高税率。 相似文献
73.
在我国利率市场化改革中金融约束思想的运用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利率市场化是指由资金市场的供求关系来决定利率水平,政府放弃对利率的直接行政干预,作为一项宏观金融制度的变迁,必然会引起社会经济结构的重新整合和不同利益集团的利益重构,在带来巨大收益的同时,也具有极大的社会成本。根据经济人假设,利率市场化能否进行,主要取决于现行利率体制与改革后市场化利率体制之间收益与成本的差额比较。假定R1、C1、R2、C2分别代表现行利率体制与改革后市场化利率体制的收益和成本,则利率市场化能否进行的必要条件是(R2—C2)—(R1—C1)〉0,即利率市场化后的纯收益优于非利率市场化的纯收益。 相似文献
74.
Ligang Liu School of Public Policy George Mason University USA. ShaoqiangChen Research Institute of Fiscal Science Ministry of Finance China. 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2005,(1)
I.IntroductionDespite China’s impressive economic growth,its fiscal sustainability has increasinglybecome one of the most watched risk indicators facing the economy.Although China’sexplicit national debtto GDP ratio israther manageable by theOECD standard,at about20
percent of GDP,given its small share of tax revenue to GDP,currently at18.5percent ofGDP,this fiscalsystem may stumble upon major challenges in themedium to long term ifChina’slargecontingent fiscal liabilitiesare als… 相似文献
75.
Recent advances in the theory of credit risk allow the use of standard term structure machinery for default risk modeling and estimation. The empirical literature in this area often interprets the drift adjustments of the default intensity's diffusion state variables as the only default risk premium. We show that this interpretation implies a restriction on the form of possible default risk premia, which can be justified through exact and approximate notions of "diversifiable default risk." The equivalence between the empirical and martingale default intensities that follows from diversifiable default risk greatly facilitates the pricing and management of credit risk. We emphasize that this is not an equivalence in distribution, and illustrate its importance using credit spread dynamics estimated in Duffee (1999) . We also argue that the assumption of diversifiability is implicitly used in certain existing models of mortgage-backed securities. 相似文献
76.
77.
分析了餐饮业连锁经营需要处理的五大问题,对经营模式、经营策略、经营方法、物流配送和发展战略进行了深入地探讨. 相似文献
78.
Despite the public’s faith in homeownership as a vehicle for wealth creation, there are surprisingly few empirical studies of the independent impact of homeownership and its duration on household wealth accumulation. This paper provides the first empirical evidence that homeownership, after controlling for other drivers of wealth accumulation, is positively and significantly associated with wealth accumulation over time. Using the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics, it examines the influence of housing tenure choices between 1989 and 2001 on household net wealth levels in 2001 after controlling for initial wealth in 1989, location, income, education, and other family and personal characteristics that might influence the rate of wealth accumulation. Importantly, the models used also control for the tendency of households to accumulate wealth between 1984 and 1989 (five years prior to the studied period). This approach is used to address the possibility that an unobserved variable—the propensity to save or accumulate wealth—may be associated with both the probability and duration of homeownership and the rate of wealth accumulation. All else equal, those who owned homes and owned for longer periods of time had significantly higher household net wealth by 2001. These results are compelling because house price appreciation over the period was near its long-run average while stock gains were above and real rent increases below their long-run averages. Hence, the findings are suggestive of a positive influence of ownership over long periods on net wealth, even during a period when alternative investments produced higher than normal returns and rents grew slowly. This is especially important because the overwhelmingly majority of households do not sell their homes shortly after buying them. In our sample, those who became owners typically owned for 7 years. Furthermore, most households that bought during a period of declining real home values in the early 1990s continued to own their homes for at least eight years and came out well ahead of those who did not own. 相似文献
79.
80.
BOT方式中项目投资者的风险管理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对基础设施、特别是经营性基础设施的融资市场化,是我国投融资改革的方向。作为项目融资的方式之一,BOT越来越广泛的得到应用,并从最初只适用于外商投资项目,到适用于包括民营资本投资在内的各种基础设施项目。但由于基础设施的特点和BOT方式的复杂性,投资者存在较大的风险。如何识别、控制这些风险,以获得项目的成功,对BOT项目的投资者来说至关重要。从项目投资者的角度分析了BOT项目可能存在的主要风险及应采取的防范措施。 相似文献