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71.
Luis A. Gil-Alana 《Applied economics》2013,45(14):1583-1589
The annual structure of the real GDP in the UK, France, Germany and Italy is examined by means of fractionally integrated techniques. Using a version of a testing procedure due to Robinson (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84, –37, 1994), it is shown that the series can be specified in terms of I(d?) statistical models with d higher than 1. Thus, the series are nonstationary and non-mean-reverting. The forecasting properties of the selected models for each country are also examined. 相似文献
72.
Leire San-Jose Jose Luis Retolaza Jorge Gutierrez-Goiria 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,100(1):151-173
This article studies the differences between traditional financial intermediaries (commercial banks, savings banks and cooperative
banks) and ethical banks based on property rights, in which the owner decides the ideology, principles, standards and objectives
of the organisation. In ethical banking, affinity centres on positive social and ethical values. The article consequently
focuses on an index proposed both to differentiate ethical banks from other types of banks, and also to pinpoint the differences
between the various ethical banks themselves. This is the Radical Affinity Index (RAI), which groups banks together in terms
of their stance on ethical commitment, concentrating on ethical ideology and principles (information transparency, placement
of assets, guarantees and participation) and using a sample of 114 European banks. The evidence shows that transparency of
information and placement of assets are factors that differentiate ethical banks from other financial intermediaries. Guarantees
and participation are characteristics specific to ethical banks; these variables, however, do not offer clear evidence to
our analysis. 相似文献
73.
Tomás Serebrisky Sebastián López Azumendi Luis Alberto Andrés 《Journal of Air Transport Management》2011,17(4):207-210
This paper offers a cross-country assessment of the governance of airport regulators in Latin America. The analysis links the institutional design of airport regulators, whether in the form of independent regulatory agencies or government departments, to their overall governance. It examines four dimensions of regulatory governance: autonomy, transparency, accountability, and bureaucratic quality. Independent regulatory agencies in the Latin American airport sector seem to provide a better framework for transparency and bureaucratic quality than government departments. It is not conclusively found, however, that independent regulatory agencies contribute to a more autonomous decision-making or to an enhanced accountability of regulators to other branches of government and airport users. Overall, governance indicators of airport regulators in Latin America are well below the threshold that defines good governance. 相似文献
74.
Environmental and socio-economic sustainability of chinampas (raised beds) in Xochimilco,Mexico City
Yair Merlín-Uribe Carlos E. González-Esquivel Armando Contreras-Hernández Luis Zambrano Patricia Moreno-Casasola 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(3):216-233
The chinampas (raised beds) of Xochimilco, Mexico City, are highly productive, traditional wetland agricultural systems, which were able to feed most of the population in pre-hispanic times. There is a strong trend to substitute chinampas with plastic greenhouses for flower production, which creates negative impacts in the landscape, environment and culture. This study compares the environmental and socio-economic sustainability of chinampas and greenhouses, at both the farm and regional levels, using the MESMIS framework. Even though the results show that greenhouses are more profitable, the contribution of chinampas to ecosystem services cannot be substituted by greenhouses, as tree cover is lost, canals are filled and food is not provided. Greenhouses had a higher diversity, but also a higher agrochemical use and are heavily dependent on external inputs and subsidies. Chinampas have shifted from staple crops to commercial horticulture in order to remain a technically viable and economically feasible option for local farmers. However, compensation mechanisms for the provision of ecosystem services are urgently needed if this ancient system is to be maintained. The framework allowed the integration of indicators at both farm and regional scales, combining on-farm surveys with GIS techniques, which could assist in ecosystem service valuation. 相似文献
75.
Jose Luis Arquero Montano Jose Antonio Donoso Trevor Hassall John Joyce 《Accounting Education: An International Journal》2013,22(3):299-313
The increasingly dynamic environment in which accountants work has necessitated a reorientation of accounting education. In some countries this issue has raised great interest amongst accounting educators and practitioners. The ongoing debate has already resulted in the publication of several statements and research papers that have raised the question of the relevance of the role of vocational skills in accounting education. Examples of these vocational skills are communication skills, interpersonal skills, and problem-solving skills. This paper reports on the importance that the employers of management accountants gave to a specified set of vocational skills and capabilities and the level of ability of these skills exhibited by students. In order to prioritize future developments an integrated analysis of the two attributes, importance and exhibited level, is enabled by the use of strategic mapping. The results of this study suggest that the employers perceive deficiencies in several capabilities that they have identified as being quite important. These deficiencies exist, in the employers' opinion, both prior to recruitment and on professional qualification. The research also indicates that, in the opinion of these employers, the development of these skills should be a central concern for universities and professional bodies. The employers also indicated that vocational skills should be attained in an integrated way. 相似文献
76.
77.
Throughout much of mankind's experience with elections, vote brokers – local elites who direct the voting decisions of a subset of the electorate – have been able to make or break political careers. In various polities, brokers have thrived in spite of the secret ballot, a surprising outcome given that vote secrecy would ostensibly allow citizens to pocket the inducements offered by such individuals and vote their consciences anyway. To address this puzzle, we develop a framework for understanding the persistence and demise of vote brokerage under the secret ballot. In our model, a broker contracts with voters using an outcome contingent contract: some fixed benefit is promised to all voters sharing one of several observable profiles should the broker's candidate win the election. Using this framework, we demonstrate that the existence of brokerage depends on the size of the electorate contained within the jurisdiction controlled by the broker, with large jurisdiction sizes tending to drive brokerage out of existence. Moreover, we detail the manner in which the strategies employed by brokers depend on their economic power, the size of social groups, and ideological polarization. Empirical evidence from Minas Gerais, Brazil is used to evaluate the performance of the model. 相似文献
78.
Luis A. Gil-Alana 《Empirical Economics》2010,38(2):471-501
This paper deals with the analysis of seasonally, fractionally integrated, multivariate models. We present a procedure that
permits us to test the seasonal fractional differencing parameters from the reduced-form system, which allows us to recover
the parameters of the structural model through simple restrictions as in the standard VAR case with the additional incorporation
of seasonality and fractional integration. An empirical application based on a bivariate system using GDP and unemployment
in the UK, USA and Japan is also carried out at the end of the paper. 相似文献
79.
Juncal Cunado Luis A. Gil-Alana Fernando Pérez de Gracia 《Review of World Economics》2006,142(1):67-91
We examine the real convergence hypothesis for 14 OECD countries looking at the fractional order of integration of the differences
of real GDP per capita in these countries with respect to the United States. Using parametric procedures, the results vary
depending on how we specify the I(0) disturbances. If they are white noise, convergence is achieved for Canada and Australia,
and with autocorrelated disturbances, this hypothesis is satisfied for France and the Netherlands. However, allowing for a
break at World War II, evidence of convergence is obtained for all countries.
JEL no. C32, O41 相似文献
80.
Method for identifying strategic objectives in strategy maps 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Luis E. Quezada Felisa M. Cordova Pedro Palominos Katherine Godoy Jocelyn Ross 《International Journal of Production Economics》2009,122(1):492
This paper describes a simple tool for identifying strategic objectives as part of the design of strategy maps, based on the balanced scorecard, and meant to be used in organisations to establish performance indicators. To design the tool, a number of companies that implemented the balanced scorecard were analysed, in order to obtain their methodologies to create strategy maps. Three types of methods were found, different from each other in the way the strategic objectives are defined. By studying the benefits and drawbacks of the three methods, a simple, method was obtained. Basically, the method identifies general and specific strategic objectives and uses a modified SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis. This paper also makes an analysis of the type of strategic objectives that the studied companies defined as part of the balanced scorecard implementation process. 相似文献