Fiscal Decentralisation and Local Economic Growth: Evidence from a Fiscal Reform in China

This paper uses a fiscal decentralisation reform in China – namely, the province‐managing‐county (PMC) reform – to examine the effects of fiscal decentralisation on local economic growth. The PMC reform abolished the subordinate fiscal relationship between prefectures and counties and transferred much of the tax and spending authority from the prefecture to the county level. Exploiting a county‐level panel data set over 2001–11, we find that the reform has led to a significant increase in the GDP growth rate. The effect is considerably more pronounced in regions with superior initial institutional quality. We also identify channels: the PMC reform induced county governments to exert lower tax burdens on firms and increase spending on infrastructure construction.     

R&D investments,capital expenditures,and earnings thresholds

Prior studies find that firms cut research and development (R&D) expense in response to earnings considerations. We extend this stream of research by documenting that firms narrowly achieving an earnings threshold also report unusually high capital expenditures. In addition, these firms’ total investments (R&D expense plus capital expenditures) do not vary in response to earnings thresholds, which suggests that, on average, reductions in R&D expense are offset by concurrent increases in capital expenditures. Lastly, our research design allows us to infer that the increased capital expenditures are largely R&D investments that are capitalized instead of non-R&D capital expenditures, suggesting that overall investments in R&D are relatively unchanged.     

Price- vs. Quantity-Based Monetary Policies and Credit Substitution Asymmetry

The literature on the informal credit channels of the transmission of monetary policy overlooks the distinction between price- and quantity-based policies. This article contributes to filling this gap by investigating the asymmetric effects of the two types of policies on trade-credit substitution for bank credit using data from the largest emerging economy, China. China presents an ideal experimental context, as the country has implemented both types of monetary policies in the past decades. We find strong evidence that quantity-based monetary policy has stronger effects on credit substitution in China. This evidence is robust under both static and dynamic specifications, which remains intact after the disentanglement of the interdependency of the two types of policies. By subgrouping, we find that large and state-controlled firms play the central role in creating the substitution asymmetry. Furthermore, international evidence indicates that India also witnesses substitution asymmetry skewed to quantity-based policies. The findings suggest the need for further reform of China’s financial system toward a market-based system to enhance the effectiveness of the proposed monetary policies.     

工程建设项目后评估初探

后评估是在项目周期的末端,它又可视为另一个新项目周期的开端。在工程建设项目评估中,后评估方式和评估时间以及评估所需的资料、评估的独立性等,都会对后评估的客观性、准确性产生重要的影响。     

供应链风险预警管理研究

介绍了供应链风险的特征,分析了供应链风险预警管理的流程,提出了建立风险事前预警的必要性。根据分析,应用模糊综合评价法对供应链风险进行了评估,得到了风险的预警等级。     

库存管理标准化及其应用

库存管理作为大多数生产型企业和提供物流服务型企业的重要业务单元,已成为当前物流管理中的重要内容和评价指标。在激烈的市场竞争中,良好的库存管理对企业具有十分重要的意义,而库存管理的高效和系统运作,必须以标准化为支撑,并采用先进的科技手段,才能达到提高效率、降低成本、增加收益的目的。     

巨灾债券与巨灾保险风险分散

巨灾债券,作为一种债权合同,相对于巨灾再保险而言,虽然是一个两极端产品,但在分散风险方面具有其不可比拟的优势。在大额损失时,巨灾债券是巨灾再保险的一种很好的替代产品。另外,巨灾风险债券的发行对巨灾再保险免赔额具有积极影响。     

"2008'衍生金融工具会计高峰论坛"综述

2008年10月28日,由上海金融学院、浦东新区科学技术协会共同主办的“2008’衍生金融工具会计高峰论坛”在上海金融学院成功举行。财政部会计司副司长应唯、上海证券交易所副总经理周勤业、上海国家会计学院副院长谢荣、上海金融学院副院长吴大器、普华永道中国金融服务部合伙人胡亮、上海金融学院会计学院院长袁树民等业界专家学者参加了论坛,浦东新区科学技术协会专职副主席丁海涛出席论坛并致词。与会专家学者围绕“衍生金融工具会计信息质量”和“衍生金融工具会计实务及学科发展”主题分别发表演讲。     

绿色PPP项目组合的最优契约:经济与环境效应的福利视角

绿色PPP搭配高收益项目的激励方式是吸引社会资本参与环境治理的举措之一。本文基于经济与环境的双重福利效应,从理论上研究了该激励方式的契约设计问题,阐释了博弈均衡的存在性以及最优特许期的形成逻辑和关键决定因素。研究表明:第一,绿色PPP搭配高收益项目能够提高企业利润,激发社会资本参与环境治理来应对环境风险。第二,政企双方博弈决策模式决定了契约能否订立。如果独立决策,使企业利润最大的特许期也能够带来最高的环境效益,但此时博弈结果展现为“刀刃上的均衡”,契约难以建立;如果合作博弈,双方最优特许期选择达成一致,契约得以订立,政府向企业让渡经济利润而收获环境效益,最终实现经济与环境福利的双赢。第三,绿色PPP搭配高收益项目优于传统政府补贴的激励方式,在收获同等环境效益的基础上,能够带动社会总福利的提升。研究结论为绿色PPP搭配高收益项目激励方式的推广实施、从而助力实现碳达峰和碳中和战略目标提供了契约设计理论依据和相关框架。