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941.
This paper examines economic policy interactions in the Economic and Monetary Union when the assessment of cyclical conditions
in real time is surrounded by uncertainty. On the basis of a simple stylised model it shows that with a Nash-type of interaction
different views about the output gap on the side of the policy players—the Council of the European Union, the European Commission
and the European Central Bank—can give rise to excessive activism with policy players pushing economic variables into opposite
directions. It argues that the costs of such policy conflicts can be reduced by agreeing on a common assessment of the cycle,
by constraining policy variables, and/or by increasing the weight of fiscally conservative institutions. An alternative option
to sidestep policy conflicts ensuing from diverging views of the cycle is to take policy decisions sequentially, as is the
case in a Stackelberg-type of interaction. The paper shows that for a given misperception of the cycle, the impact on the
policy instruments and on output and inflation are generally smaller in the Stackelberg equilibrium as compared to a Nash
outcome. Alternative allocations of roles—that is leader versus follower—are discussed and assessed.
相似文献
Marco ButiEmail: |
942.
The present paper aims at examining the role of variety in the ski manufacturing industry and its relevance in firms’ price
setting strategies. In particular, it intends to investigate and to empirically test three hypotheses concerning the relations
between: product quality and prices; variety in technical characteristics and prices; variety in service characteristics and
prices. Our empirical investigation finds that prices are positively affected by product quality and positively affected by
variety in service characteristics. This means that a high degree of product variety allows firms to charge a premium price
on consumers, who are able to find the product that best meets their needs and are therefore willing to pay a higher price.
By contrast, variety in technical characteristics negatively impacts prices. In a context where a dominant design has emerged
and new varieties are not radically different from each other, the gains in economies of scale and scope outweigh the costs
of the increased flexibility in the equipment required to produce variety.
相似文献
Marco GuerzoniEmail: |
943.
Marco Hubert Mirja Hubert Jens Sommer Peter H. Kenning 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2009,26(4):28-33
Whereas classical marketing research is restricted to purely analyzing reported and/or behavioral data, the new research area
of consumer neuroscience might be able to capture unconscious and emotional processes as well. The present study investigates
the neural correlates associated with different retail brand frames. The authors assume that the integration of emotions and
memories associated with the image and reputation of a retail brand can influence consumers’ perception of a product packaging. 相似文献
944.
Marco Rizzi 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2018,41(4):395-410
Consumerism only reached Seychelles after a wave of market-liberalization reforms adopted in 2008 as a response to a dire economic crisis. Consumer law is therefore only a recent phenomenon in the country. The main sources of inspiration for Seychelles legislation are the UN Guidelines on Consumer Protection, the EU Directive on unfair contract terms, and the South African Consumer Protection Act. Policy initiatives tend to be modelled either on other small island countries or on Commonwealth countries. The formal legal framework is overall modern and in line with international guidelines. However, the article identifies two sets of challenges encountered in practice. First, local standardization efforts fail to address the matter of poor-quality products entering the market, and this lack of local capacity is insufficiently complemented by reliance on international standards. Secondly, consumers seldom rely on the adjudicatory mechanism provided by consumer laws and informal settlement mechanisms are preferred, which comes at the cost of depriving consumer law operatives of precious interpretative materials, leaving areas of legal uncertainty. While policy guidance from the political sphere would be needed, it is unclear how much attention consumer matters will receive in the medium term. 相似文献
945.
Carlo Marco Belfanti 《Business History》2018,60(8):1127-1146
AbstractThis article aims to analyse the practices of branding adopted in the European pre-modern economy in order to communicate information about the product to the consumer. It examines the nature and function of master’s marks and collective marks and their interaction with processes of imitation and counterfeiting, and takes a stance in the debate on the origins of the modern brand, arguing in favour of the thesis that early forms of brand may be found only in the economic context of the eighteenth century and not before. 相似文献
946.
Does monitoring past conduct facilitate intertemporal cooperation? We designed an experiment characterized by strategic uncertainty and multiple equilibria where coordinating on the efficient outcome is a challenge. Participants, interacting anonymously in a group, could pay a cost either to obtain information about their counterparts, or to create a freely available public record of individual conduct. Both monitoring institutions were actively employed. However, groups were unable to attain higher levels of cooperation compared to a treatment without monitoring. Information about past conduct alone thus appears to be ineffective in overcoming coordination challenges. 相似文献
947.
Germany and Italy are the largest manufacturing producers in Europe and export over 70% of their products to OECD countries. While they share many characteristics, they are also diverse in term of specialization and destination markets. Italy has a productive structure largely based on labour intensive sectors, while Germany is mainly specialized in high-tech goods. We study whether these characteristics make the two countries vulnerable in different ways to the competitive pressure by emerging economies, especially China, which experienced the strongest increase in export market share during the last decades. We discuss the impact of China on the export performance of Italy and Germany on OECD markets. Using data for the period 1995–2009, we implement a novel model to account for two important data characteristics: their hierarchical hidden structure (captured by a multilevel model) and the heterogeneity of the export shares (captured by a quantile approach). Results show that Chinese competition on Italy’s and Germany’s market shares differ by sectors, but, on average, Italy is not more vulnerable than Germany. These results are relevant for policy implications and for an ex-post analysis of the ‘best response’ to the Chinese competition. 相似文献
948.
We empirically evaluate whether a hospital’s organizational form (for-profit vs. not-for-profit or public) affects its operational
scope (distribution of supplied medical procedures). Our results suggest that scope depends more on local demographics than
causal forces from organizational form. This suggestion is consistent with differences in objectives (e.g., altruistic motives)
ultimately exerting a stronger influence on operational scope than does the organizational advantage of not-for-profits in
producing higher levels of non-contractible quality. It also offers information about how the availability of different medical
services might change if the hospital sector continues its trend toward for-profit organization. Here, hospital conversions
to for-profit status appear less likely to alter the mix of available services than do outright exits of not-for-profits.
相似文献
949.
With the advent of globalization, the track record of multinational corporations (MNCs) has been mixed at best in relation to their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) involvement in developing countries. This article attempts to cross-fertilize insights from the business-society and international business political behavior literature streams to identify relevant dimensions and contingencies that can be used to analyze the CSR of MNCs in developing countries and the extent of standardization or localization of their strategies. The article makes use of the new theoretical framework in the context of an interpretive research methodology to examine the CSR orientations of a sample of MNC subsidiaries in Lebanon. The findings reveal patterns of global CSR being diffused to developing countries, but also being diluted along the way in view of specific subsidiary endowments and host market characteristics. 相似文献
950.
Felix Köbler Jens Fähling Helmut Krcmar Jan Marco Leimeister 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2010,2(6):359-370
Growing expenses for health care services in hospitals stress the potential of a well applied IT governance for cost reduction,
productivity gains and a possible source for competitive advantages. The underlying explorative study analyzes the current
status of IT governance through a survey among 206 IT decision makers in German hospitals. The quantitative analyses show
that the most important requirements of IT managers for IT are the optimization and standardization of processes, that IT
investments shift from administrative to medical IT applications, and that private hospitals display relatively higher IT
budgets than do non-profit or public hospitals based on financial turnover. Further, two types of future IT decision makers
are empirically identified. The types differ regarding their future role as initiators for process optimization and regarding
the degree of involvement in strategic decision making. 相似文献