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171.
The increasing globalization of economies and the concurrent increase in the risk of currency exposure has stimulated the development of new instruments to allow both investors and traders to hedge their currency risk. The expansion of these derivatives, however, has raised some concerns. This paper studies the determinants of the dynamics of exchange rate future contracts as a means to identify the sources of such concerns. By using a mean-exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (M-EGARCH) model for five different future contract lengths and six developed economies, it is found that an M-EGARCH(1,1) effectively describes the exchange rate futures' daily dynamic. Sign, size, and persistence effects on the volatility of future contracts are all significant, thus providing important information to both policy makers and market participants. 相似文献
172.
173.
Maria Petrova 《Journal of public economics》2008,92(1-2):183-212
Popular support of redistributive policies depends on information they have about the tax system and efficiency of public projects. Mass media provides a convenient means for manipulating public opinion, even when voters understand that the media can be biased. I develop a theory of media capture in which the rich can influence information published in a media outlet at a cost. The model shows that higher inequality is associated with lower media freedom; this effect is stronger in democratic regimes. I find empirical support for the model in both panel data and cross-country analysis. 相似文献
174.
Alan Gregory Richard D.F. Harris & Maria Michou 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2001,28(9&10):1192-1228
The performance of contrarian, or value strategies – those that invest in stocks that have low market value relative to a measure of their fundamentals – continues to attract attention from researchers and practitioners alike. While there is much extant evidence on the profitability of value strategies, however, most of this evidence pertains to the US. In this paper, we provide a detailed characterisation of value strategies using data on UK stocks for the period 1975 to 1998. We first undertake simple one-way and two-way classifications of stocks in which value is defined using both past performance and expected future performance. Using sales growth as a proxy for past performance and book-to-market, earnings yield and cash flow yield as measures of expected future performance, we find that that stocks that have both poor past performance and low expected future performance have significantly higher returns than those that have either good past performance or good expected future performance. Allowing for size effects in returns reduces the value premium but it nevertheless remains significant. We go on to explore whether the profitability of value strategies in the UK can be explained using the three factor model of Fama and French (1996). Broadly consistent with the results for the US, we find that using the one-way classification the excess returns to almost all value strategies can be explained by their loading on the market, book-to-market and size factors. However, in contrast with the US, using the two-way classification there are excess returns to value strategies based on book-to-market and sales growth, even after controlling for their loading on the market, book-to-market and size factors. 相似文献
175.
This study examines the influence of dimensions of culture on the ethical decision process. Do various cultures perceive the ethical dilemma differently? Do these cultures prefer different types of actions? Do these cultures perceive the role of the accountant differently in response to the consequences? This study has a broad scope of countries (nine), which allows richer contrasts of cultural dimensions. The three aspects of the ethical decision-making process (perceived dilemma, perceived actions, and perceived consequences) are analyzed rather than asking the respondent to make an ethical judgement. Accounting systems adopted by countries reflect culture, profession, and industry. The responses from countries with different accounting systems is analyzed. The findings of this study will provide practitioners as well as academics insight into the harmonization of accounting standards. Research about ethical problems may help accountants anticipate and predict problems that might occur and identify referent countries for solutions to these problems. These findings will also be useful to auditors and accountants designing training programs for multicountry practices. 相似文献
176.
Maria A. Cunha-e-Sá Maria M. Ducla-Soares Luis C. Nunes and Philippe Polomé 《American journal of agricultural economics》2004,86(2):444-454
In contrast to previous literature, we propose a consistency test that does not impose any particular common functional form for the preference structure underlying the travel cost (TC) and contingent valuation (CV) models. We derive testable consistency conditions between TC and CV data in the context of mixed demand systems when valuing changes in environmental quality. These conditions are a subset of the rationality conditions. The proposed consistency tests are implemented combining TC and CV data. The empirical results show that it is possible to combine stated TC and CV, but not revealed TC and CV data. 相似文献
177.
The purpose of this research was to investigate, for the first time, tertiary education students’ ethical judgements in the
Republic of Cyprus academic environment. The authors developed and administered a quantitative questionnaire to a sample of
1,000 individuals currently pursuing accredited degrees at two tertiary institutions. Statistical analysis revealed four factors,
named violation of school regulations, selfishness, cheating, and computer ethics that describe students’ ethical judgements
in the academic environment. The results indicate that students exhibit the lowest tolerance with ethical issues relevant
with selfishness and highest with issues relevant with computer ethics. In addition, a number of differences were revealed
when the authors investigated the relationship between the four retained factors and variables such as gender, year of study,
type of academic discipline, and religion. Finally, reflecting on the research findings, a number of practical recommendations
are made mainly to educational institutions that wish to redefine their policies and procedures regarding ethics within their
academic environment. 相似文献
178.
Maria Elena De Giuli Mario Alessandro Maggi Francesco Maria Paris 《Journal of Banking & Finance》2009
This paper analyzes how the deposit guarantee value affects the risk incentives in a mutual guarantee system. We liken the guarantee’s value to that of a European-style contingent claims portfolio. The main feature emerging from our model is that a mutual guarantee system would give banks an adverse incentive to increase riskiness. To mitigate this incentive, we introduce a regulatory provision modelled using a path-dependent contingent claim. By comparing the mutual guarantee system with a non-mutual one, we show that the former is less expensive, but implies higher adverse incentives for the banks, especially for undercapitalized institutions. 相似文献
179.
Maria Chelo V. Manlagñit 《Journal of International Money and Finance》2011,30(6):1180-1194
This study examines the economic effects of the liberalization of foreign bank entry in the Philippines from 1990 to 2006. The findings provide strong evidence on the dominance of competition effects from foreign bank presence which lead to the reduction in the profitability and overhead costs of domestic commercial banks. These findings, which reveal that both the actual market penetration and mere presence of foreign banks seem to exert competitive pressure to domestic banks, imply that foreign banks may serve as an effective competitive force, reducing the excess profits earned by domestic banks and compelling domestic banks to update their production technologies and techniques to improve their cost efficiency.From a policy perspective, the findings on competition effects of foreign banks in the domestic banking system justify the liberalization of foreign bank entry in the Philippines. The main findings demonstrate that the goal of banking liberalization in transforming domestic banks to be more competitive and efficient works considerably well in the case of the Philippines. Aside from the policy of easing the entry of foreign banks, bank-specific conditions can have significant impact on the performance of domestic banks. Therefore, a sustained improvement in the efficiency of domestic commercial banks requires not only liberalizing the entry of foreign banks, but also on continued strengthening of domestic prudential regulation and supervision on the commercial banking system. 相似文献
180.
In the context of the proposed EU financial supervisory reforms, this paper focuses on the governance of the network of national supervisory banking agencies and the newly established Community supervisor (European Banking Authority, EBA). We assess to what extent lack of governance convergence nationally and with EBA could undermine the incentives for cooperation among supervisors. Convergence should particularly focus on (i) the issue of the presence of politicians on decision-making bodies; (ii) the need for clearly defining dismissal procedures of heads of supervision; (iii) autonomy from government in regulatory matters; (iv) supervisory autonomy in matters of licensing and withdrawing licenses; (iv) mechanisms for judicial accountability; (v) legal protection for supervisors handling in good faith. In the absence of full centralization of prudential supervision, early harmonization of national governance arrangements towards best practice would better align supervisors’ incentive structures and, hence, be beneficial for the effectiveness of European supervision. 相似文献