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191.
This article first investigates the determinants of"capital structure" and the extent to which financial structure policy contributes to the creation of shareholder value in Italian companies through a survey of 76 CFOs of Italian listed non-financial companies, and revealed that the key driver is the quest for financial flexibility, necessary to combine effectively capital structure policy with the other two levers of value creation, investment policy and payout policy. These three value creation drivers are autonomous, but this empirical study reveals a clear hierarchy that links liability policy (capital structure and payout) to asset policy (investments) leading companies to make sub-optimal financial structure decisions that may not minimize the weighted average cost of capital, though ensuring the financial flexibility necessary to activate their principal lever of value creation, investment policy, effectively and without excessive constraints. A major finding in a subsequent benchmarking exercise is that Italian "family capitalism" affects corporate governance and therefore capital structure decisions. This finding may not be restricted to the Italian market, but could apply to all countries in which ownership structures are centered on very few shareholders with weak financial market control and where banks often play a crucial role in the governance of companies. 相似文献
192.
We consider a multiproduct corporation that adopts consumer-friendly activities and cooperates with single-plant firms for improving welfare. We show that full cooperation is socially beneficial if products are strong complements, whereas partial cooperation with higher consumer-friendly activities is beneficial if products are substitutes. We also examine a sequential choice game of endogenous cooperation in which the multiproduct corporation can induce (partial or full) cooperation and show that our findings are still consistent at equilibrium. We finally compare different ownership of the single-plant firms and find that foreign ownership decreases the benefits of cooperation. 相似文献
193.
In this paper, we consider a decision-maker facing a financial risk flanked by a non-financial background risk such as health
or environmental risk. A decision has to be made about the amount of an investment (in the financial dimension) resulting
in a future benefit either in the same dimension (savings) or in the other dimension (environmental quality or health improvement).
In this framework, we study the impact of the correlation between the two risks on optimal choices. In the saving problem,
we find conditions ensuring that positive correlation between the two risks implies that the optimal amount of savings increases.
These conditions involve specific requirements on the direct and cross derivatives of the two-argument utility function. Similarly,
we find a different and specific set of conditions ensuring that the same conclusion on optimal investment for health (environmental)
improvement is reached. The two sets of conditions determined support the conclusion that the signs of the derivatives of
the two-argument utility function should alternate. 相似文献
194.
SUMMARY Store brands, when moving upscale, inevitably relinquish their value for money appeal and therefore require some quality dimension to compete. This article is proposing that the promise of “generous” use-by dates as a surrogate for quality could be considered as a positioning plank to promote store brands as alternatives to manufactured brands. Logit analysis is employed to explain shoppers' perceptions and responses to use-by dates, of products that they regularly buy, and of alternative products that they have never bought before if the use-by dates of their regular items are perceived to be too short. 相似文献
195.
Mario D. Tello 《International Trade Journal》2013,27(1):78-106
Liberal structural reforms associated to changes in the export product composition may affect economic growth, and at the same time, may yield biases in the official standard trade index numbers from developing countries and error measures in the real rate of economic and exports growth. This paper proposes a set of index numbers which incorporates the export product composition in a standard export index in such a way that changes in the current export value can be decomposed into: price changes; quantity changes, and product composition changes. In the applications of those indexes for the Peruvian case, it is found that the estimated overvaluations in the official annual average rate of growth of the real exports value and the GDP, were, respectively 3% and 0.6%, for the period 1993–2004. 相似文献
196.
Since time immemorial, the phenomenon of leadership and its understanding has attracted the attention of the business world
because of its important role in human groups. Nevertheless, for years efforts to understand this concept have only been centred
on people in leadership roles, thus overlooking an important aspect in its understanding: the necessary moral dimension which
is implicit in the relationship between leader and follower. As an illustrative example of the importance of considering good
morality in leadership, an empirical study is conducted in which a good performance of the “leader–follower” relationship
is reflected when individuals perceive ethical leadership in higher hierarchical managerial levels. To be precise, findings
of this study demonstrate that follower job response is improved through an ethics trickle-down partial effect from the Top
Manager to the immediate supervisor, and also reveal both key aspects and managerial level on which the practice of ethical
leadership should rest upon to have a stronger effect on the follower positive job response. Practical implications of these
findings and directions for future research are finally presented. 相似文献
197.
Maria Antonia Garcia Benau Emiliano Ruiz Barbadillo Christopher Humphrey Walid Al Husaini 《European Accounting Review》2013,22(4):701-730
The 1990s in Spain have witnessed a significant shift in attitudes towards the role of auditing, with promises of more transparent reporting being replaced by talk of audit expectations gaps. This paper explores the changing atmosphere, both through an analysis of one of the most notorious scandals of recent times - involving the Banco Español de Credito (‘Banesto’) - and a more general review of the way the Spanish profession has responded to such downturns in public expectations of auditing. While at first sight, the profession appears to have become more defensive and the audit environment more competitive, the multinational accounting firms do appear to have strengthened their position in the Spanish audit market. Intriguingly, despite public expressions of concern with the quality and capabilities of auditing and the imposition of large fines on audit firms for inadequate audit work, proposed ‘solutions’ for improving audit quality include the establishment of a self-regulated audit regime and reductions in auditor liability. The Spanish experience allows for some timely reflections on the significance of an audit expectations gap and highlights the importance of viewing the audit function from an international perspective. 相似文献
198.
This article explores the slowdown of remittances to Mexico and the role that may have been played by some key variables from the United States economy. The findings show that several measures of United States economic activity and different proxies for the unemployment of Mexican nationals living in the United States do not appear to have a strong impact on remittance transfers. On the other hand, this study finds that United States housing variables do seem to affect remittance transfers. In particular, there is a special prominence of the impact shown by the number of housing starts in the United States. Overall, the results seem to suggest that there is not a single United States economic factor that is responsible for the decrease of remittances to Mexico but rather a combination of factors. Among these factors, the decrease in United States housing activity seems to play a major role. 相似文献
199.
200.