全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3468篇 |
免费 | 114篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 802篇 |
工业经济 | 285篇 |
计划管理 | 644篇 |
经济学 | 772篇 |
综合类 | 40篇 |
运输经济 | 25篇 |
旅游经济 | 56篇 |
贸易经济 | 592篇 |
农业经济 | 98篇 |
经济概况 | 259篇 |
邮电经济 | 9篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 35篇 |
2020年 | 53篇 |
2019年 | 86篇 |
2018年 | 92篇 |
2017年 | 98篇 |
2016年 | 101篇 |
2015年 | 65篇 |
2014年 | 94篇 |
2013年 | 470篇 |
2012年 | 134篇 |
2011年 | 158篇 |
2010年 | 118篇 |
2009年 | 158篇 |
2008年 | 118篇 |
2007年 | 124篇 |
2006年 | 105篇 |
2005年 | 92篇 |
2004年 | 114篇 |
2003年 | 115篇 |
2002年 | 120篇 |
2001年 | 100篇 |
2000年 | 98篇 |
1999年 | 83篇 |
1998年 | 87篇 |
1997年 | 70篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 52篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 41篇 |
1992年 | 41篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 48篇 |
1984年 | 42篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3582条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
71.
72.
Mark Gradstein 《European Economic Review》2004,48(4):797-803
This paper considers a setting where a resource such as education budget is to be distributed among agents. The latter differ in their ability to make use of the resource, and the issue is that of determining the allocation rule whereby the individual shares of the resource (may) depend on their relative efforts of obtaining it. The paper's focus is on endogenous determination, through voting, of the degree of meritocracy in the resource allocation system, which determines the marginal productivity of one's effort. It is found that a meritocratic system is expected to be supported by highly productive individuals and opposed by those with low productivity. When the decision making becomes less elitist and involves broader participation of population groups the support for meritocracy decreases. 相似文献
73.
The dynamics of inter-firm networks in the course of the industry life cycle: the role of appropriability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerda Gemser Mark A.A.M Leenders Nachoem J. Wijnberg 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》1996,8(4):439-454
This paper examines the dynamics of inter-firm networks and introduces a conceptual framework for explaining why inter-firm networks change over time. The framework is based on the idea that patterns of inter-firm linkages are linked to the life cycle development of an industry. Special emphasis is placed on the role of appropriabiliy, i.e. a firm's ability to capture the profits generated by its innovations. The (trans)formation of inter-firm networks in three industries is examined and used to illustrate the relevance of the framwork. One important inference from our study is that public policy makers and manageers should take into account the phase of industry development before implementing policies to create and/or change inter-firm networks. 相似文献
74.
Mark Starik 《Journal of Business Ethics》1995,14(3):207-217
Most definitions of the concept of stakeholder include only human entities. This paper advances the argument that the non-human natural environment can be integrated into the stakeholder management concept. This argument includes the observations that the natural environment is finally becoming recognized as a vital component of the business environment, that the stakeholder concept is more than a human political/economic one, and that non-human nature currently is not adequately represented by other stakeholder groups. In addition, this paper asserts that any of several stakeholder management processes can readily include the natural environment as one or more stakeholders of organizations. Finally, the point is made that this integration would provide a more holistic, value-oriented, focused and strategic approach to stakeholder management, potentially benefitting both nature and organizations.Mark Starik is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management and Public Policy at The George Washington University. His research and writing on environmental management topics include articles, chapters, and presentations on Global Strategic Environmental Management, Environmental Entrepreneurship, and Environmental Stakeholders of the U.S. Energy Sector. In addition, he is active in the advancement of environmental programs in both the Academy of Management and the George Washington University. 相似文献
75.
Stores 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary There is scope and incentive for stores to endogenously arise in an exchange economy when agents possess different levels of bargaining power and coalition formation is costly. In the absence of stores, agents face a trading lottery where the expected outcome for an individual agent depends upon his relative bargaining strength. By setting appropriate, preannounced prices, a store can profitably offer relatively weak bargainers trading opportunities which they prefer to the trading lottery. While relatively weak bargainers are attracted to the store, relatively strong bargainers prefer the trading lottery to the store. Thus, the simultaneous existence of barter and mediated trade is explained.The work reported here was conceived while both authors were visiting the University of Southern California. We thank Martine Quinzii and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. 相似文献
76.
The politics of option accounting crosses party lines, reflecting both the interests of the affected constituencies and the desire for power over standard setting. House Bill HR-3574, which mandates an assumption of zero stock price volatility, runs counter to the recently passed Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rule requiring fair-value expensing of stock options. For any option issued at or out of the money, where strike prices are normally set, expense recognition is zero under this bill's mandated assumption.
Besides excessive use of stock options, the lack of a "final peace" in the option accounting war appears to have encouraged another questionable corporate practice. This article examines a sample of "six-and-one restructurings," exchanges of options in which expensing of re-priced (deep out-of-the-money) options can be avoided if employees wait at least six months and one day before receiving new options. The authors found that market-adjusted stock prices tend to decrease during the six-month period before the strike price is reset. This result provides one more reason why companies should be required to use fair-value option pricing models to expense options. 相似文献
Besides excessive use of stock options, the lack of a "final peace" in the option accounting war appears to have encouraged another questionable corporate practice. This article examines a sample of "six-and-one restructurings," exchanges of options in which expensing of re-priced (deep out-of-the-money) options can be avoided if employees wait at least six months and one day before receiving new options. The authors found that market-adjusted stock prices tend to decrease during the six-month period before the strike price is reset. This result provides one more reason why companies should be required to use fair-value option pricing models to expense options. 相似文献
77.
We show an isomorphism between optimal portfolio selection orcompetitive equilibrium models with utilities incorporatinglinear habit formation, and corresponding models without habitformation. The isomorphism can be used to mechanically transformknown solutions not involving habit formation to correspondingsolutions with habit formation. For example, the Constantinides(1990) and Ingersoll (1992) solutions are mechanically obtainedfrom the familiar Merton solutions for the additive utilitycase, without recourse to a Bellman equation or first-orderconditions. More generally, recent solutions to portfolio selectionproblems with recursive utility and a stochastic investmentopportunity set are readily transformed to novel solutions ofcorresponding problems with utility that combines recursivitywith habit formation. The methodology also applies in the contextof HindyHuangKreps (1992) preferences, where ourisomorphism shows that the solution obtained by Hindy and Huang(1993) can be mechanically transformed to Dybvig's (1995) solutionto the optimal consumption-investment problem with consumptionratcheting. 相似文献
78.
GAAP versus The Street: An Empirical Assessment of Two Alternative Definitions of Earnings 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
Managers, security analysts, investors, and the press rely increasingly on modified definitions of GAAP net income, known by such names as "operating" and "pro forma" earnings. We document this phenomenon and discuss competing explanations for the recent rise in the use of such modified earnings numbers and implications for the interpretation of related accounting research. Our results show that over the past 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in the frequency and magnitude of cases where "GAAP" and "Street" earnings differ. Further, there is a very strong bias toward the reporting of a Street earnings number that exceeds the GAAP earnings number. We also show that the market response to the Street earnings number has displaced GAAP earnings as a primary determinant of stock prices. Finally, through an analysis of earnings releases, we show that management has taken a proactive role in defining and emphasizing the Street number when communicating to analysts and investors. 相似文献
79.
Employee Reload Options: Pricing, Hedging, and Optimal Exercise 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Reload options, call options granting new options on exercise,are popularly used in compensation. Although the compound optionfeature may seem complicated, there is a distribution-free dominantpolicy of exercising reload options whenever they are in themoney. The optimal policy implies general formulas for numericalvaluation. Simpler formulas for valuation and hedging followfrom BlackScholes assumptions with or without continuousdividends. Time vesting affects the optimal policy, but numericalresults indicate that it is nearly optimal to exercise in themoney whenever feasible. The results suggest that reload optionsproduce similar incentives as employee stock options and sharegrants. 相似文献
80.
ADRs,Analysts, and Accuracy: Does Cross Listing in the United States Improve a Firm's Information Environment and Increase Market Value? 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
This paper investigates the relation between cross listing in the United States and the information environment of non‐U.S. firms. We find that firms that cross list on U.S. exchanges have greater analyst coverage and increased forecast accuracy than firms that are not cross listed. A time‐series analysis shows that a change in analyst coverage and forecast accuracy occurs around cross listing. We also document that firms that have more analyst coverage and higher forecast accuracy have higher valuations. Furthermore, the change in firm value around cross listing is correlated with changes in analyst following and forecast accuracy, suggesting that cross listing enhances firm value through its effect on the firm's information environment. Our findings support the hypothesis that cross‐listed firms have better information environments, which are associated with higher market valuations. 相似文献