中国循环农业发展评估——政策回顾与对辽中县的调研案例

循环农业涉及农业废弃物的循环性利用和资源保护等方面,在中国获得了越来越多的关注。当前对循环农业的政府干预手段较多,但目的和手段都不尽相同。因此,有必要对这些政策系统化,并进行深入了解,提出具体建议,以促进循环农业发展。研究总结中国有关循环农业发展的现行政策,揭示影响其发展的关键因素,选择辽宁省沈阳市辽中县为案例,通过比较分析循环农业和非循环农业的农业管理方式差异,揭示农民培训的重要性。研究结果表明,循环农业生产者使用农家肥的比例(38%)明显高于非循环农业生产者(6%),使用化肥的比例(90%)低于非循环农业生产者(98%)。每种作物的U-STAT和模式都显示循环农业生产者比非循环农业生产者使用更少的农家肥和化肥。循环农业生产者玉米的产量明显高于非循环农业生产者。许多循环农业生产者使用化肥,其数量与非循环农业生产者使用的并没有很大的区别。因此,为了推动循环农业发展,传授循环农业技术,开展具体技术培训和信息服务比简单的宣传更为重要。     

果园生草复合种养循环模式效应分析基于云南泸西县果园比较研究

目的 探讨果园生草复合种养循环模式的经济与生态环境综合效应,促进果园生草模式的多元应用。方法 文章通过实地调研获取2019年云南省泸西县果园生产数据,运用生态循环理论,系统分析果—草—畜（羊）复合种养循环模式,并利用生态系统价值评估模型测算复合种养和清耕种植两种模式的生态系统服务价值,对比两种模式的经济与生态环境的综合效应。结果 在经济效益上,复合种养模式比清耕种植模式节约化肥6 496元/hm²、农药426元/hm²,分别降低肥料成本18%,农药成本19%;同时,果园生草替代外购饲料减少饲料成本1.956 0万元/hm²,提高经济效益4.439 9万元/hm²。生态效应上,复合种养模式增加生态系统服务价值32%,通过减少化肥及农药投入降低环境成本33%,由此果园综合效应提高4.998 2万元/hm²。结论 果园生草复合种养循环模式将果业、草业、畜牧业有机融合,实现了农业资源高效利用,同时节肥、节药、节饲效果显著,是一种生态与经济协调发展的果园生态循环模式。     

Does the source of debt financing affect default risk?

We examine whether the source of debt financing is important for assessments of firms’ default risk. This study reveals that during the 2007–2010 financial crisis, firms that depend mainly on financing from banks suffer higher increases in default risk than do firms with no such dependence. Conversely, firms that rely solely on financing from public debt markets do not experience significant increases in default risk. These findings suggest that the bank supply shock theory explains the transmission of financial shocks to the real economy. Finally, firms that depend on bank financing cannot offset the adverse impacts of bank lending shocks by substituting bank loans with publicly traded debt.     

Income Convergence in African Countries: Evidence from a Stationary Test With Multiple Structural Breaks

This paper examines the catching‐up (stochastic convergence in real per capita income) hypothesis for 52 African countries with respect to the USA. over the 1969‐2011 period, using a highly flexible stationarity test. The empirical results show (i) that all African countries experienced at least one break, switching between catching‐up and divergence paths during the sample period; (ii) that structural breaks tend to coincide with political instability, trade liberalisation policies and terms of trade shocks; (iii) that among the 52 African countries studied, only five lie on the catching‐up path, while the remaining 47 diverge from the USA. Our results show that the economic performance of African countries fall far behind those of the USA and that the economic growth tragedy of Africa continues.     

LOCAL RESPONSES TO GLOBALIZATION IN CHINA: A TERRITORIAL RESTRUCTURING PROCESS PERSPECTIVE

Abstract. This paper argues that the formation and transformation of local entrepreneurial governances can be understood as a process of local responses to challenges presented by global economic restructuring. Two kinds of local responses are theoretically identified. At the structure level, local entrepreneurial governances happen when places are embedded in the situation of competition between cities and regions. At the agent level, the emergence of local entrepreneurial governances requires local actors who pursue their own political and economic interests. The theoretical framework, what I term ‘territorial restructuring process’, is empirically explained by the context of the West and China.     

Measuring a Brand's Tendency to be Included in High Value Baskets

Manufacturers often try and persuade retailers that their product tends to be included in the higher value baskets by comparing the average value of the baskets containing their brand, the Brand Basket Mean, with the average value of all the baskets in the store. Surprisingly, this comparison is positive for almost all brands and so can be very misleading. As a much more appropriate comparison measure, we propose a Brand Specific Effect, which uses an easy-to calculate, weighted average of all Brand Basket Means as a comparison standard. We then propose a meaningful decomposition of this Brand Specific Effect into Price and Quantity Effects that measure a brand's tendency to be included with expensive items and it's tendency to be included with many items.     

Which Is the Better Option? Quicker or Cheaper?

Both time and money are valuable scarce resources, but their different characteristics lead to different perceived value in saving time and saving money. The perishability and fixed supply associated with time may enhance its value; however, its inherent nature, difficulty accounting for value of time, infungibility, and perceived slack may weaken its value. Drawing on theories and findings in the domains of temporal and monetary judgment, this research study posits that people usually underappreciate the value of time because the information pertinent to the value of time is less accessible in peoples’ memory compared with monetary value. Hence, prompting people regarding the value of time and the value of money could make their preference for saving time similar to that of saving money. Additionally, people typically expect more time slack than money in the future, thereby discounting their preference for saving time faster than for saving money. The results of a series of experiments support these hypotheses.     

Causes of nonlinearities in low-order models of the real exchange rate

This paper investigates the extent to which modern DSGE models, which feature local currency pricing, home bias, nontraded goods, and incomplete markets, can generate nonlinear real exchange rate dynamics that are consistent with those found in the time series literature using data from the current floating period. Our key findings are as follows. First, if the true model can be appropriately characterized as a set of linear equations, then linearity tests that utilize univariate autoregressions of the real exchange rate suffer from an omitted variables problem, which leads them to overestimate the true incidence of nonlinearity. Consequently, studies that fail to control for this problem may spuriously find evidence of nonlinearities in the data, despite the fact that the data generating process may be linear. Second, we propose a strategy that can largely eliminate this distortion. Finally, we find that DSGE models solved using higher order approximations are capable of generating true structural nonlinearities in real exchange rates both asymptotically and in short samples.     

Intellectual capital and new product sale performance of the financial services industry in Taiwan

This research considers the financial services industry in Taiwan and investigates the effect of intellectual capital – namely human capital, organization capital and information capital – on new product sale performance based on cross-functional integration and co-production. The results indicate that intellectual capital, cross-functional integration and co-production have a positive effect on new product sale performance. Also, the results confirm the positive mediate effect of cross-functional integration and co-production on intellectual capital and new product sale performance.