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91.
92.
In this note we reconsider the paper of Zhang and Zhang (1997), published in Managerial and Decision Economics, who analyze a strategic delegation model with R&D spillovers in an imperfectly competitive market. We were motivated to study their setup by a puzzling result given in their paper: delegating the production and R&D decisions to managers is never beneficial for the owners of the firm. When we tried to understand the driving forces of this result, we found however that the findings of Zhang and Zhang (1997) are incorrect. We explain why their derivations are wrong and demonstrate via counterexamples that the main propositions in their paper do not hold. In addition, we show how the correct solution of this R&D model with spillovers can be obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
Sarah Robinson Trevor Murrells Michael Clinton 《Human Resource Management Journal》2006,16(3):287-312
Although increasing numbers of graduates now enter the UK labour market, there has been little evaluation of the benefits that this component of the workforce is reported to bring to employing organisations. This study focused on nursing; a profession in which graduate entry is increasing but potential benefits of moving to all‐graduate entry are strongly contested. Career behaviour and expectations of graduate nurses were compared with those of diploma‐qualified nurses. Career behaviours were similar but differences were found in fulfilment of expectations that reflected findings reported for graduates in other employment contexts. Graduates entered nursing with higher expectations than diplomates but these were often unfulfilled. Graduates reported lower levels of satisfaction than diplomates over time and became less likely to intend remaining in nursing. Implications for increasing graduate entry are discussed, together with strategies to facilitate better synchronisation between graduate expectations and opportunities within the NHS and beyond. 相似文献
94.
Michael D. Intriligator 《The Australian economic review》1994,27(2):4-14
Abstract
Russia has recently embarked on a dramatic program of privatisation as part of the process of shock therapy which aims to convert the command economy to a market economy. This program has been undertaken in the absence of a well-developed set of institutions needed for the proper functioning of a market economy. These institutions include a legal system, a related system of property rights, a credit system, a system of commercial banks, classified advertising, an accounting system and others including a sound currency and a social safety net. In the absence of these institutions the incentives facing agents in economic transactions have been perverted. This has led to criminalisation of the economy, dramatic falls in production, loss of confidence in all aspects of commerce, and political instability. The recent Russian experience of privatisation has important lessons for other economies in transition, for developing economies and for economic theory. 相似文献
Russia has recently embarked on a dramatic program of privatisation as part of the process of shock therapy which aims to convert the command economy to a market economy. This program has been undertaken in the absence of a well-developed set of institutions needed for the proper functioning of a market economy. These institutions include a legal system, a related system of property rights, a credit system, a system of commercial banks, classified advertising, an accounting system and others including a sound currency and a social safety net. In the absence of these institutions the incentives facing agents in economic transactions have been perverted. This has led to criminalisation of the economy, dramatic falls in production, loss of confidence in all aspects of commerce, and political instability. The recent Russian experience of privatisation has important lessons for other economies in transition, for developing economies and for economic theory. 相似文献
95.
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97.
Existing literature on the relation between management ownership and firm value has provided competing hypotheses and conflicting evidence. Using samples of Fortune 500-sized firms in 1976, 1980 and 1984, we find that corporate value measured by Tobin's q is a function of management ownership. Specifically, the q rises when management ownership is between 0% and 5-7%, and falls as the ownership increases to 10-12%. Beyond this range, we find that the q continues to fall in the 1976 sample, and starts to rise in the 1980 and 1984 samples. The evidence supports the hypothesis that there is a nonmonotonic relation between management ownership and corporate value. 相似文献
98.
Michael E. Heberling 《Journal of Supply Chain Management》1993,29(3):47-53
Much has been written about the emerging importance and recognition of the purchasing function by senior management. Firms are adopting a number of new purchasing strategies as a means to counter increased competition from both domestic and international firms. These include things such as quality purchasing, profit purchasing, strategic purchasing, and just-in-time purchasing. However, a review of the purchasing function over the past 75 years shows that many of the “new” ideas are not really new. They simply have been rediscovered. The relationship of purchasing with senior management during this period has been cyclical. Purchasing becomes important when management views its role in terms other than simply obtaining materials at low prices. This usually occurs during periods of market instability. Finally, a review of early purchasing data reveals that the relationship of purchases to wages and salaries was not significantly different then from that which exists today. 相似文献
99.
This article summarizes General Electric Wiring Devices' (GEWD) experience in developing a total cost supplier selection methodology that seeks to define the appropriate balance between qualitative approaches and complex, fully cost-based methods. Utilizing the GE “Work-Out!” process, a cross functional team classified supplier selection elements into one of three categories: (1) risk factors, (2) business desirable factors, and (3) measurable cost factors. The authors discuss these variables as they relate to GEWD's sourcing practices. The model's applicability is demonstrated in several different case scenarios. For practical application it is programmed in C computer language. In practice, the requirement for no maintenance beyond default cost factor revisions renders the model extremely adaptable for practical decision-making purposes. 相似文献
100.
Michael Philips 《Journal of Business Ethics》1985,4(4):233-237
This paper attempts to explain the significance of the ‘ideologies’ — or ‘middle-level’ normative discourse — described by Kenneth Goodpaster in his paper ‘Business Ethics, Ideology, and the Naturalistic Fallacy’. It is argued that the propositions constitutive of this discourse are not invokable moral principles (i.e. principles which generate solutions to actual moral problems). Rather, they are characterizations of the normative contexts in which moral decisions are made. As such, they place limits on the ways in which the abstract moral principles of traditional moral theory may be applied or interpreted in making real-life moral decisions. 相似文献