Changing composition of human capital The Czech Republic,Hungary and Poland1

We show that business education/occupations have expanded and that technical education/occupations have contracted in the Czech Republic and Poland since 1990. We interpret these changes as an adjustment necessary for their transition to a market economy. We do not find the same pattern in Hungary, which we attribute to the earlier timing of its transition. We construct an aggregate model in which labour reallocates in response to changing demand structure. When calibrated with the Czech and Polish data, the model generates a large movement of workers with technical education and experience into business occupations in the early 1990s. The discounted sum of output loss due to the gap between the demand structure and the composition of existing human capital amounts to between 8 and 40 percent of 1990 GDP.     

澳大利亚高等职业技术教育的管理及借鉴

澳大利亚的技术与继续教育已经形成了开放和比较完善的体系,在国际上享有一定的声誉,是其教育出口的重要内容之一。本文分析了澳大利亚高等职业技术教育管理的现状和特点,并提出了对我国的高等职业技术教育发展的一些借鉴。     

农村信用社发展的困境及纾解方案

农村信用社发展面临的障碍是:产权关系不明确,产权形式不规范;资源结构不合理;基础设施落后;结算渠道单一,汇路不畅;劳动用工制度僵化,员工素质低下.应通过深化改革,加强管理,加大政策扶植力度来解决.     

明清古村——朱家峪

从济南市区沿济王公路东行约50公里,在秀水之阳胡山之阴有一个已有600多年历史的明清古村——朱家峪。 朱家峪,现辖属章丘市官庄乡。考章丘市地名志,小村曾数易其名。明洪武初年,朱氏家族始祖朱良盛携家眷自河北枣强迁到该村。因朱是国姓,即与明太祖     

论商品的价值量与生产力的关系

<正> 一、商品的价值量与物化劳动的关系 (一)价值的本质 马克思说“作为价值,一切商品都只是定量的凝固的劳动时间。”更抽象地说,价值就是劳动。这就是价值的质。劳动,本质上具有社会性。在商品生产的条件下,这种社会性是通过价值来体现的。价值关系“只是人们自己的一定的社会关系”。换句话说,也就是人们用价值“把他们的私人劳动当作等同的人类劳动来互相发生关系”。因此,说价值的本质是劳动,也就是说价值本质上是劳动者交换劳动的社会关系。但是,在商品社会里,“劳动的那些社会规定借以实现的生产者的关系,取得了劳动产品的社会关系的形式。”由于有些人不能透过物的关系看到人的关系,对物产生了崇拜,马克思则认为这就是商品拜物教的根源。物化劳动创造价值的观点,其根源也在这里。     

深圳市新一轮国企改革的思路

本文立足于深圳国企改革和发展，分析改革进程中遇到的新问题，探索新一轮国有企业改革的新对策。     

帮助穷人，走出贫困

穷人陷入贫困的因素与抗争方式 目前，世界上还有12亿赤贫人口，他们每天生活在只有一美元以下的水平上。这些人的生活没有保障，衣、食、住、行最基本的生理需求难以得到满足。贫困只有轻重之分，但没有国界之分，亘古通今，在任何国家或地区都会有穷人，在任何经济发展阶段也都会产生穷人。     

中国转移支付制度的法治化进程从"自由裁量"到"阳光财政"

编者按实行分税制财政管理体制改革后,为了解决我国地区与地区间的收支平衡问题,确保贫富不均的人们获得均等水平的教育、卫生防疫以及环保等公共服务,中央开始实行财政转移支付制度.     

Got milk? The rapid rise of China’s dairy sector and its future prospects

This paper synthesizes recent research and new empirical findings to build a more comprehensive understanding of developments in China’s dairy sector. China’s tremendous rise in dairy demand has been driven by several mutually reinforcing factors: including rapid income growth, promotion by the government and dairy industry, changes in urban lifestyles, and the development of new, more sophisticated marketing channels. Domestic milk output has grown to satisfy rising demand largely by increasing the dairy herd. Substantial increases in productivity have been achieved through technology adoption, but there is evidence that the torrid growth has created inefficiencies because adaptations to marketing rules, infrastructure, and institutions have not kept pace with the changing environment. These results suggest there is ample room for future growth in both domestic milk production and dairy demand, but multinational firms and imported products will likely play and increasing role as China’s dairy market continues to develop.