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991.
A GENERALIZED GIBRAT'S LAW* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Carlos Córdoba 《International Economic Review》2008,49(4):1463-1468
Many economic and non‐economic variables such as income, wealth, firm size, or city size often distribute Pareto in the upper tail. It is well established that Gibrat's law can explain this phenomenon, but Gibrat's law often does not hold. This note characterizes a class of processes, one that includes Gibrat's law as a special case, that can explain Pareto distributions. Of particular importance is a parsimonious generalization of Gibrat's law that allows size to affect the variance of the growth process but not its mean. This note also shows that under plausible conditions Zipf's law is equivalent to Gibrat's law. 相似文献
992.
Spatial shift-share analysis versus spatial filtering: an application to Spanish employment data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this work is to analyse the influence of spatial effects in the evolution of regional employment, thus improving
the explanation of the existing differences. With this aim, two non-parametric techniques are proposed: spatial shift-share
analysis and spatial filtering. Spatial shift-share models based on previously defined spatial weights matrix allow the identification
and estimation of the spatial effects. Furthermore, spatial filtering techniques can be used in order to remove the effects
of spatial correlation, thus allowing the decomposition of the employment variation into two components, respectively related
to the spatial and structural effects. The application of both techniques to the spatial analysis of regional employment in
Spain leads to some interesting findings and shows the main advantages and limitations of each of the considered procedures,
together with the quantification of their sensitivity with regard to the considered weights matrix. 相似文献
993.
Miguel D. Ramirez 《International Review of Applied Economics》2008,22(1):1-15
This article analyses the theoretical and empirical links between key economic variables and private investment spending in Latin America during the 1980–2001 period. The Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimates for the pooled investment model suggest that real (lagged) public investment, the output gap, lagged domestic credit to the private sector, and the national savings rate have a positive and significant effect on private capital formation, while the standard deviation of the real exchange rate index has a negative effect on private capital formation. A major contribution of the study is the application of recently developed panel unit roots test on the stacked residuals of the pooled regressions. The tests indicate that the included variables have a stable, non‐spurious (cointegrated) relationship. All in all, the findings in this article make an important contribution to the ongoing debate about which policies need to be promoted to raise and sustain the rate of private capital formation – Latin America's future source of employment and income creation. 相似文献
994.
Miguel León-Santana 《Ecological Economics》2008,64(4):849-857
The sustainability of the aquaculture industry has recently been the object of social and scientific debate, due to the contamination caused by the culture to the surrounding environment. As a contribution to the debate, this paper analyses the effect of adopting a Pigovian tax to internalise the environmental costs on the optimal management of farms. To do so, we make use of dynamic stochastic models of fish growth and contamination diffusion. Farms can also implement some measures to abate pollution, which are divided into two types: those applied continuously (“managerial” measures) and those once in a culture cycle (“structural” measures). The results reveal that the tax imposition lowers the optimum size in the farm. The type of abatement strategy plays a central role in the determination of the optimum harvest size. A need for caution in internalisation policies is emphasized, as negative consequences could arise in certain cases, putting the farms' survival at risk. 相似文献
995.
Bertrand Le Gallic 《Ecological Economics》2008,64(4):858-866
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activities are a threat for both the marine environment and society. By undermining effective management systems, IUU fishing activities affect economic performance, social welfare and compliance decisions. So far, “traditional” control and surveillance-like measures have had a limited success in deterring IUU fishing, so this paper aims at throwing light on several forms of trade-related initiatives that can be more effective. The paper suggests that both the effectiveness and further development of such measures strongly depend on the way they are designed, especially with respect to their trade-law compatibility. However, current discussions on future trade-based policy developments within some key economic areas suggest that trade measures are a sound option for policy makers. While the paper focuses on fisheries issues, it is also expected to inform the international debate surrounding the sustainable use of natural resources in general, as many sectors face similar biodiversity and trade challenges (e.g. tropical forest, mangroves, etc.). 相似文献
996.
Equilibrium asset pricing with systemic risk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We provide an equilibrium multi-asset pricing model with micro- founded systemic risk and heterogeneous investors. Systemic
risk arises due to excessive leverage and risk taking induced by free-riding externalities. Global risk-sensitive financial
regulations are introduced with a view of tackling systemic risk, with Value-at-Risk a key component. The model suggests that
risk-sensitive regulation can lower systemic risk in equilibrium, at the expense of poor risk-sharing, an increase in risk
premia, higher and asymmetric asset volatility, lower liquidity, more comovement in prices, and the chance that markets may
not clear.
We thank Michel Habib, José Scheinkman, Hyun Shin and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. Jean-Pierre Zigrand
is a lecturer in Finance at the LSE, and is the corresponding author. The authors would like to acknowledge financial support
under the EPSRC Grant GR/S83975/01 at the Financial Markets Group, London School of Economics. 相似文献
997.
This paper studies the existence of solutions in continuous time optimization problems. It provides a theorem whose conditions
can be easily checked in most models of the optimal growth theory, including those with increasing returns and multi-sector
economies.
相似文献
998.
The chain from customer satisfaction via word-of-mouth referrals to new customer acquisition 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
It has often been argued that word-of-mouth (WOM) can contribute significantly to a firm’s success in a variety of ways. Here,
we analyze the functional linkage between customer satisfaction, WOM, and new customer acquisition. Using data from two empirical
studies we conceptualize and test the direct, non-linear, and moderated relationship between satisfaction and WOM. We further
explore the circumstances under which WOM leads to new customer acquisition using a logistic regression model. We do so for
two groups (new customers and long-term customers) from the customer base of a large energy provider (n = 688), and for a random sample of B2B customers (n = 416) in the same market. Results indicate that the satisfaction-WOM link is non-linear and is moderated by several customer
involvement dimensions. Based on our results, we demonstrate how the satisfaction-WOM-new customer acquisition link can enrich
return on quality and satisfaction models. Further, we draw conclusions about how companies can make use of both the satisfaction-WOM
and the WOM-new customer acquisition link for better allocating their marketing resources.
相似文献
Tomás BayónEmail: |
999.
Miguel D. Ramirez 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(3):343-356
Using panel data, this paper tests whether public and private capital have a positive and significant effect on aggregate
output and labor productivity for Mexico during the 1960–2001 period. The richer information set made possible by the sectorial
data enables this study to utilize the methodologically sound “group-mean” fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) procedure
developed by Pedroni to generate consistent estimates of the relevant panel variables in the cointegrated production (labor
productivity) function. The results suggest that, in the long run, changes in the stocks of public and private capital and
the economically active population (EAP) have a positive and economically significant effect on output ( and labor productivity).
The period is also broken down into two sub-periods: 1960–1981 (state-led industrialization) and 1982–2001 (neoliberal model).
The estimate for the public capital variables clearly shows that it had a relatively more important economic effect during
the earlier state-led period.
相似文献
Miguel D. RamirezEmail: |
1000.
We introduce a no-risky-arbitrage price condition (NRAP) for asset market models allowing both unbounded short sales and externalities
such as trading volume. We then demonstrate that NRAP is sufficient for the existence of competitive equilibrium in the presence
of externalities. Moreover, we show that if all risky arbitrages are utility increasing, then NRAP characterizes competitive
equilibrium in the presence of externalities.
We are indebted to an anonymous referee for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Page and Wooders are especially
grateful to CERMSEM and EUREQua for their support and hospitality which made possible our collaboration. 相似文献