DIVERSIFICATION IN THE REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO

This study investigates primarily the relationship between portfolio size and the reduction of return variation in real estate portfolios and attempts to provide some notion of what represents an “adequate” level of naive diversification. The study also examines the proportional components of the total risk in real estate investment. The results provide information on the relative percentage of total risk accounted for by systematic or “market” factors.     

Longevity and the life-cycle of management buy-outs

The longevity debate about buy-outs has hitherto been restricted. By focusing on large highly leveraged transactions, existing research has taken only a partial view of how long buy-outs last and the factors influencing longevity. This paper develops and tests hypotheses concerning the influences on buy-out longevity across the whole spectrum of management buy-out applications. Both quantitative and case study evidence from the U. K. is presented. A heterogeneity view of buy-outs is supported. Tests using quantitative data show that earlier exit is associated with larger buy-outs, and buy-outs arising on privatization from the public sector and from non-U. K. parents. Case study evidence principally supports hypotheses that earlier exit is associated with financing institutions being in a relatively stronger position than management and with more rapidly changing market conditions for the firm.     

“Regional questions”

Publications Reviewed:

Royal Town Planning Institute, 1986: Strategic Planning for Regional Potential. A discussion document.

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 1986: Regional Policy-A Fresh Approach.

Armstrong, H. and Taylor, J. 1987: Regional Policy: The Way Forward. The Employment Institute.

Northern Region Councils Association, 1986: The State of the Northern Region.

South East Economic Development Strategy (SEEDS), 1987: South-South Divide. An exposition of the SEEDS project.     

An Empirical Study of Volatility in Seven Southeast Asian Stock Markets Using ARV Models

This paper investigates the volatility persistence, volatility variability from day to day and transmission of volatility in seven Southeast Asian stock markets from 1980 to 1991 using the ARV approach. We found strong evidence that shocks to volatility are persistent in Taiwan. Moreover, the Stock Exchange of Thailand Daily Index has the strongest interday volatility fluctuation. Instantaneous causality of volatility among six of the seven markets (except Seoul) was discovered. Besides, there is significant volatility spillover effect from Hong Kong to Taiwan, Malaysia to Singapore and Singapore to Malaysia in the period 1980 to 1991.     

Pay reference arbitration and the disclosure of information

This, the first of two articles, brings together two aspects of industrial relations: the practice of arbitration and the disclosure of information in the specific context of financial information disclosed at general pay claim references, making use of two case studies in which a relatively high degree of information was made available.     

a fire inspector calls

Mike Fisher, an Institute of Economic Affairs' trustee and director of Whale Tankers, explains what happened when the fire inspector called on the home of the great British whale.