Literature-related discovery (LRD): Lessons learned, and future research directions

Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The five immediately preceding papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Water Purification (WP). We describe the lessons learned from each application, and how the techniques can be improved further.Generation of much potential discovery using ODS LRD is possible when the conceptual roadblocks to discovery are removed. Some of these roadblocks include use of numerical filters that are unrelated to generating discovery, and excessive reliance on literatures directly related to the problem literature of interest. The issue of how to handle large amounts of potential discovery has not been addressed in the literature, since most ODS LRD researchers have tried to find a relatively few potential discovery items. We present a development strategy that capitalizes on the large amounts of potential discovery we have identified.     

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WELFARE CASELOADS AND LOCAL LABOR MARKETS

This paper provides an empirical examination of interactions between welfare caseloads and local labor markets using data on caseload stocks, entries, and exits. Granger‐causality tests show that unemployment rates Granger‐cause caseload activity but caseload activity does not Granger‐cause unemployment rates. The results also reveal differential dynamics between caseloads and labor market conditions for rural versus metropolitan markets. Several models of one‐way association between caseload activity and unemployment rates are presented. The results show that higher unemployment rates are positively associated with welfare caseloads and entries and negatively related to exits. (JEL I38, R23)     

The Eisner Puzzle,the Unemployment Threshold and the Range of Equilibria

Using a two-regime model of the inflation-unemployment process for US data 1960:2 to 2000:2, this paper finds strong evidence to support the Eisner puzzle, which occurs when the short-run Phillips curve (SRPC) is flatter at low rates of unemployment than at higher rates. The puzzling aspect of this pattern is the expectation of excess demand to become apparent at very low rates of unemployment causing the SRPC to be steep rather than fairly flat. We show the puzzle can be resolved by estimating a three-regime model which reveals a steep SRPC at very low rates of unemployment. The estimates of the three regime model also reveal a horizontal SRPC at intermediate rates of unemployment, implying the existence of a range of equilibrium rates of unemployment at those intermediate rates.

人民币的困境

一 中国的经济发展是一个奇迹,发展得那么好,人民币币值强劲应该是大好形势.但是现在我们国家在人民币问题上遇到了困境,这些问题处理得不好,会影响中国的发展.     

“城市·建筑·人”——构筑“以人为本”的绿色城市与宜居空间论坛纪实

在经历三十年的城市快速发展以后,如何更加科学的建设城市、运营城市,促进人与城市,人与自然,人与建筑,人与交通更加和谐,更加平衡,更加持续的发展,真正实行人口、经济、资源相协调的发展环境,已经成为当下非常紧迫的话题。在2011’未来城市可持续发展全球论坛暨第九届中国地产经济主流高峰论坛上,国内外众多专业人士、建筑师齐聚一堂,共同探讨绿色城市的发展。     

我国城市化水平与区域经济增长差异实证研究

基于1989-2009年省级面板数据设定了协整模型,分析了我国城市化水平与区域经济增长的长期关系。结果显示,我国城市化水平与区域经济增长之间存在显著的正相关性,且两者之间存在长期稳定的协整关系。在总体上,城市化水平对经济增长的促进作用在不同区域间的差距较大,城市化水平对区域经济发展的影响排序依次为:东部、中部、东北部、西部。因此,在加快城市化进程中做好户籍制度改革,将有利于从根本上提高城市化水平,促进区域经济的增长,消除地区经济差距。     

To Screen or Not to Screen? Using the Internet for Selection Decisions

Organizations are increasingly relying on Internet searches and social networking websites to uncover detailed and private information about job applicants. Such Internet screening techniques have the potential to provide additional information beyond that found using traditional screening approaches. However, questions regarding the legality and appropriateness of this practice, as well as issues regarding the standardization, reliability, and validity of the information obtained, need to be addressed. The current work describes these issues associated with Internet screening and provides recommendations to help ensure this practice is used appropriately in organizations. Suggestions for future research on Internet screening are also discussed.     

定向增发公告效应在股市中的异化现象——关于中国证券市场的实证研究

本文以中国证券市场2006～2008年成功进行定向增发的上市公司为样本,研究了定向增发公告效应在牛市、熊市中的异化现象。研究发现在牛市周期中仅仅公告日当天存在显著的正公告效应,公告日前后都不存在显著的正公告效应;但是在熊市周期中不仅公告日当天存在显著正公告效应,而且从公告日前两天开始一直到公告日后10天都存在显著正公告效应。在不同市场态势下,公告效应与折扣的关系也不相同:在熊市周期中,随着定向增发折扣的增加,公告效应相应减弱,而在牛市周期中公告效应增强。最后,论文给出了基于投资者情绪的理论解释以及相应的启示。     

Analyzing the Effectiveness of Multisource Feedback as a Leadership Development Tool for College Students

Undergraduate students (n = 144) completed the Socially Responsible Leadership Scale (SRLS), which measures leadership capacity within the framework of the Social Change Model (SCM) of Leadership Development. Observers (n = 374) who knew the students from a variety of contexts completed observer‐report versions of the SRLS. The research was designed to measure differences in rating of capacity between student leaders and those who know and observe their behaviors. Mean observer scores were higher than self‐reported scores for most capacities, with moderate to large effect sizes. Significant differences between self and observer interscale correlations and a high degree of subscale intercorrelations within observer‐reports led to conducting an exploratory factor analysis of observer responses. A universal one‐factor structure emerged that was different from the SCM model, suggesting observers make little distinction among separate leadership capacities in those they observe. Implications for leadership development and education programs are discussed including the benefit of rater training prior to the use of multisource feedback instruments, how the context in which students interact with observers affects feedback, and the need for further examination of other methods of determining effectiveness in conjunction with multisource feedback instruments.