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61.
THE EFFICIENCY IMPLICATIONS OF USING PROPORTIONAL EVALUATIONS TO SHAPE THE TEACHING WORKFORCE
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We examine the efficiency implications of imposing proportionality in teacher evaluation systems. Proportional evaluations force comparisons to be between equally circumstanced teachers. We contrast proportional evaluations with global evaluations, which compare teachers to each other regardless of teaching circumstance. We consider a policy where administrators use teacher ratings to help shape the workforce and define efficiency in terms of student achievement. Our analysis shows that proportionality can be imposed in teacher evaluation systems without efficiency costs under a wide range of evaluation and estimation conditions. Proportionality is efficiency enhancing in some cases. These findings are notable given that proportional evaluations offer a number of other policy benefits. (JEL I20, J48) 相似文献
62.
W. Erwin Diewert Alice O. Nakamura Leonard I. Nakamura 《Journal of Housing Economics》2009,18(3):156-171
Over the course of the recent house price bubble in the United States, the price of homes rose rapidly from 1999 Q4 to 2005 Q4 (11.3% annually as measured by the Case-Shiller index, and 8.4% annually as measured by the Federal Housing Financing Agency) but slowly as measured by owner equivalent rents (3.4%), so measured core inflation remained relatively docile during this period, since only rents are used to measure inflation for housing services in the United States. Over the last several decades, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has experimented with both rental equivalence and user cost approaches for accounting for owner occupied housing (OOH) services in the CPI. We explain the basics of these approaches, and outline the BLS experiences with using them. This assessment leads us to conclude that the time has come to try a new approach: the opportunity cost approach. We argue this approach has advantages over both the conventional rental equivalence and user cost approaches, though it embeds components of the measures for both those approaches and builds solidly on the research of Verbrugge and others at the BLS. Also, we take up empirical issues that must be faced regardless of which of the approaches discussed is adopted. We explain how the repeat-sales and various hedonic regression methods can be placed in a common framework, thereby facilitating understanding of the properties of and the tradeoffs between the methods. We also consider measurement complications that arise because the land and structure components of properties depreciate at different rates. 相似文献
63.
This paper examines endogenous merger formations in a mixed oligopoly. Applying the core as a solution concept, we analyze
which market structure(s) remain(s) stable when three firms—two symmetric private firms and one inefficient public firm—are
allowed to merge with each other in a mixed Cournot industry. We show that according to the value of the marginal cost of
the public firm, there always exists a pair of share ratios of the owners of both the (pre-merged) public firm and the (pre-merged)
private firm such that the market structure with the merger between the public firm and one private firm belongs to the core.
When the initial market structure is a mixed triopoly, it can only be blocked when one public firm and one private firm merge.
Furthermore, we conduct a similar analysis in a general mixed oligopoly with one public firm and n private firms.
相似文献
64.
Constructing a simple model that includes the price of education, this paper shows that the educational expenditure of rich households could prevent poor households from escaping poverty. The paper offers an explanation for persistent inequality. 相似文献
65.
Cory Searcy 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,107(3):239-253
Corporate sustainability performance measurement systems (SPMS) have been the subject of a growing amount of research. However,
there are many challenges and opportunities associated with the design, implementation, use, and evolution of these systems
that have yet to be addressed. The purpose of this article is to identify future directions for research in the design, implementation,
use, and evolution of corporate SPMS. A concise review of key literature published between 2000 and 2010 is presented. The
literature review focuses on research conducted at the both the individual corporation- and sector-levels. The review of published
literature provides a basis for the identification of a structured set of 65 key research questions to guide future work.
The research questions will be of interest to both practitioners and researchers in corporate sustainability performance measurement. 相似文献
66.
Competition and Privatisation Policies in a Differentiated Mixed Oligopoly: The Pay‐off‐interdependence Approach
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Yasuhiko Nakamura 《Australian economic papers》2018,57(2):193-216
I revisit the relationship between competition and privatisation policies in a mixed oligopoly with differentiated goods, following the pay‐off‐interdependence approach in the fashion of Matsumura and Okamura. We find that although the intensity of market competition increases with the degree of importance of each firm's relative performance, the optimal degree of privatisation can decrease in a differentiated goods mixed oligopoly in both the increasing marginal costs case and the constant marginal costs case. Further, given the degree of importance of each firm's relative performance and the number of private firms, we find that the optimal degree of privatisation can decrease as the degree of product differentiation declines. Finally, by considering an alternative‐pay‐off model in both cases, we compare the optimal degree of privatisation of the public firm. 相似文献
67.
Cory Searcy 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2016,25(2):120-133
The purpose of this paper is to identify the key requirements for measuring enterprise sustainability. The paper argues that measuring enterprise sustainability requires the explicit consideration of a focal firm, its supply chain and the sustainability context within which the firm operates. Building on this notion, original definitions of enterprise sustainability and enterprise sustainability performance measurement systems (ESPMSs) are proposed. The definitions provide the basis for the development of a novel conceptual framework. The framework is used to identify seven key requirements and 35 associated sub‐requirements for an ESPMS. Overall, the requirements highlight that sustainability performance measurement requires a systematic, structured and integrated approach that considers all aspects of enterprise sustainability. The framework presented in this paper is a conceptual model. In recognition of this point, the paper provides discussions on the potential application of the framework and guidance for further research. The academic, managerial and societal implications of the paper are also discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
68.
Masao Nakamura 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1991,12(2):103-121
Foreign firms' direct investments in Japan increased from about $930 million in 1984 to $2.2 billion in 1987, and are still increasing at a rapid rate. Most of these investments come from the United States and Europe. In this paper a short-run model for the performance of a foreign parent firm's subsidiary in Japan is presented. The model is based on theories presented by Hymer, Caves, Buckley and Casson, among others, and consists of two equations: one for profitability and the other for growth. Duality is used to relate a parent firm's activities to its subsidiary firm's profitability. The model is estimated using data for US firms' subsidiaries in the Japanese chemical industry. We find that for jointly owned subsidiaries (joint ventures), imports from US parent firms and the R&D spending by both US and Japanese parent firms are major determinants of profitability and growth. US firms' fully owned subsidiaries, however, exhibit considerably different profit and growth behavior than their jointly owned counterparts. Because of the small sample sizes used, it is not possible to ascertain the sources of the observed differences. 相似文献
69.
Tamotsu Nakamura 《Review of Development Economics》2002,6(1):39-47
The paper analyzes a simple differential game model of international technology transfer via foreign direct investment, in which a subsidiary of a multinational corporation and a host-country firm are engaged in a technology accumulation race. In contrast to previous works, it is shown that an elasticity of the foreign firm's marginal quasi-rent plays a key role in determining the effects of technology spillover and of efficiency of learning activities on the technology transfer: those are positive if it is larger than unity in absolute value, and vice versa. Other comparative static results are reported. 相似文献
70.
Sayaka Nakamura Cory Capps David Dranove 《Journal of Economics & Management Strategy》2007,16(4):995-1030
Acquiring outlying community hospitals is one approach commonly used by large tertiary care hospitals to increase referrals. Sophisticated acquirers may also seek to selectively increase referrals of more profitable patients. To explore these issues, we study vertical hospital acquisitions. Using a treatment and control framework, we find that roughly 30% of vertical acquisitions lead to a significant increase in referrals. Very few result in decreases. We find that increases are concentrated among patients undergoing more profitable procedures and with more generous insurance. However, we find no evidence that hospitals shun patients with higher expected costs of care. 相似文献