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731.
Massimo Costabile Ivar Massabó Emilio Russo 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2006,27(3):285-296
We propose a model for pricing both European and American Asian options based on the arithmetic average of the underlying
asset prices. Our approach relies on a binomial tree describing the underlying asset evolution. At each node of the tree we
associate a set of representative averages chosen among all the effective averages realized at that node. Then, we use backward
recursion and linear interpolation to compute the option price. 相似文献
732.
We analyze information reporting by a privately informed expert concerned about being perceived to have accurate information. When the expert's reputation is updated on the basis of the report as well as the realized state, the expert typically does not wish to truthfully reveal the signal observed. The incentives to deviate from truth telling are characterized and shown to depend on the information structure. In equilibrium, experts can credibly communicate only part of their information. Our results also hold when experts have private information about their own accuracy and care about their reputation relative to others. 相似文献
733.
This article examines some of the most relevant issues concerning P2P systems so as to take sides in today’s strongly polarized debate. The idea is to integrate a context-based perspective with an ontological representation of informational norms; thanks to a procedural outlook which is presented in terms of burden of proof. More particularly, we examine three “roads.” First, the topological approach to complex social networks allows us to comprehend the laws according to which information is distributed through P2P systems and how a “short route” has joined, and sometimes replaced, the traditional “long route” between creator, business, and the public. The second road is the context-based perspective elaborated by Helen Nissenbaum, and developed by Francis Grodzinsky and Herman Tavani: The goal is to determine the norms that govern such an informational flow as norms of appropriateness and distribution. The final road is the informational viewpoint on ethics proposed by Luciano Floridi with the idea that standard ethical theories cannot easily be adapted to deal with the new informational issues emerging with digital technology. While empirical evidence on the impact of P2P systems is still quite controversial, it is crucial to determine on whom the burden of proof falls in a given context, on censors or advocates, by singling out both the default norms and exceptions in the use and development of P2P software. 相似文献
734.
Massimo Florio 《International Review of Applied Economics》2001,15(2):181-198
Government statistics in the 'Detailed Tables' of OECD yearly National Accounts, one of the most internationally used references for comparative economic studies, show remarkable inconsistencies. The interpretation by economists and other users of data on total government outlays by function and type, gross capital formation, added value of general government, compensation of employees, and on other public sector data needs more prudence than it is usually acknowledged. In some cases, strong policy implications risk being drawn on shaky foundations. International organisations should invest more in the quality of data they disseminate. 相似文献
735.
George Norman Lynne Pepall Dan Richards 《American journal of agricultural economics》2008,90(3):719-732
We examine the decision to advertise a homogenous good. We show that the likelihood of inefficiently low advertising rests heavily on how one models the mechanism by which advertising affects demand. Regardless of this mechanism, however, there is always a lower bound of concentration below which no advertising occurs even when welfare-enhancing. In such cases, mandatory programs will raise welfare if they induce entry, although producer surplus may decline. Our model also provides an explanation for the stylized fact that advertising intensity first rises and then falls as concentration increases. 相似文献
736.
There seems to be a proliferation of prizes and rankings for ethical business over the past decade. Our principal aims in
this article are twofold: to initiate an academic discussion of the epistemic and normative stakes in business-ethics competitions;
and to help organizers of such competitions to think through some of these issues and the design options for dealing with
them. We have been able to find no substantive literature – academic or otherwise – that addresses either of these two broad
topics and audiences. Our modest aim, therefore, is to suggest an agenda of issues, and to begin to explore and analyse some
of the possible arguments for and against various philosophical or practical solutions. Part I explores the challenges facing
a prize-organizing committee, including problems derived from what Rawls calls the “fact of pluralism” in democratic societies
(reasonable people will always disagree over some basic values, including those relevant to evaluating business practices),
and epistemic issues about how we can justify qualitative judgments on the basis of incomplete quantitative data. We also
try to identify risks and opportunity costs for ethics-prize granters. In Part II we spell out (a) a range of design options
and (b) some advice about how any particular prize-awarding committee might select among these options to best achieve its
goals (which typically involve highlighting and publicizing best practices for ethical business). 相似文献
737.
The authors review the foundation for incorporating market concentration directly into consumer utility functions, and develop
a general equilibrium model to derive welfare-maximizing principles for optimal enforcement of antitrust policies toward concentrated
market structures, including merger policy. An intriguing result is that increased market concentration can fail to maximize
economic welfare even if a proposed merger might generate positive net efficiencies.
相似文献
Norman P. ObstEmail: |
738.
As is well-known, China’s rapid economic growth over the past decades has been impressive and this growth has driven the demand of qualified managers and professionals by both foreign and Chinese enterprises. This paper examines perceptions of the graduates of an American Executive MBA program, who experienced the transfer of Western management knowledge through team teaching and virtual student teams. The findings show that graduates are generally satisfied with their overall educational experience and its impact on their career in terms of promotions and compensation. Furthermore, the team teaching and global virtual student teams are viewed as valuable experiences. 相似文献
739.
The composition of growth matters for poverty alleviation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Norman V. Loayza 《Journal of development economics》2010,93(1):137-151
This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth itself. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then, it presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes, first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and, second, the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributions from unskilled labor-intensive sectors (agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, endogeneity concerns, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures. 相似文献
740.
Anti-poverty competences in a multilevel government: an empirical analysis of citizens’ preferences in Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article aims to investigate individuals’ perceptions about institutions that should be primarily responsible for reducing or preventing poverty, which is a dramatic phenomenon that became a crucial issue in European countries over recent years. We propose an empirical analysis based on European survey data and investigate some citizens’-level and country-level variables that potentially affect individuals’ attitudes. Our results suggest that country-level economic and institutional characteristics do significantly affect individual preferences for the governance of anti-poverty policies. 相似文献