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761.
George Norman Lynne Pepall Dan Richards 《American journal of agricultural economics》2008,90(3):719-732
We examine the decision to advertise a homogenous good. We show that the likelihood of inefficiently low advertising rests heavily on how one models the mechanism by which advertising affects demand. Regardless of this mechanism, however, there is always a lower bound of concentration below which no advertising occurs even when welfare-enhancing. In such cases, mandatory programs will raise welfare if they induce entry, although producer surplus may decline. Our model also provides an explanation for the stylized fact that advertising intensity first rises and then falls as concentration increases. 相似文献
762.
This paper intends to highlight the emerging force of the Internet as an advertising medium. The economic functions of Internet
advertising are examined. Moreover, the paper aims to evaluate the relative impacts on optimal advertising models. Our discussion
also includes analysis of associated price-cost margins with respect to optimal advertising budgets and strategic reactions.
All in all, this paper should provide entrepreneurs with more crucial knowledge of advertising strategies offered by the new
medium. Moreover, it will equip scientists and technologists with more insights into the economic aspects and strategic values
of Internet advertising.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
763.
There seems to be a proliferation of prizes and rankings for ethical business over the past decade. Our principal aims in
this article are twofold: to initiate an academic discussion of the epistemic and normative stakes in business-ethics competitions;
and to help organizers of such competitions to think through some of these issues and the design options for dealing with
them. We have been able to find no substantive literature – academic or otherwise – that addresses either of these two broad
topics and audiences. Our modest aim, therefore, is to suggest an agenda of issues, and to begin to explore and analyse some
of the possible arguments for and against various philosophical or practical solutions. Part I explores the challenges facing
a prize-organizing committee, including problems derived from what Rawls calls the “fact of pluralism” in democratic societies
(reasonable people will always disagree over some basic values, including those relevant to evaluating business practices),
and epistemic issues about how we can justify qualitative judgments on the basis of incomplete quantitative data. We also
try to identify risks and opportunity costs for ethics-prize granters. In Part II we spell out (a) a range of design options
and (b) some advice about how any particular prize-awarding committee might select among these options to best achieve its
goals (which typically involve highlighting and publicizing best practices for ethical business). 相似文献
764.
The authors review the foundation for incorporating market concentration directly into consumer utility functions, and develop
a general equilibrium model to derive welfare-maximizing principles for optimal enforcement of antitrust policies toward concentrated
market structures, including merger policy. An intriguing result is that increased market concentration can fail to maximize
economic welfare even if a proposed merger might generate positive net efficiencies.
相似文献
Norman P. ObstEmail: |
765.
A. C. Greenfield Jr. Carolyn Strand Norman Benson Wier 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(3):419-434
The purpose of this study is twofold. The first objective is to examine the impact of an individual’s ethical ideology and
level of professional commitment on the earnings management decision. The second objective is to observe whether the presence
of a personal benefit affects an individual’s ethical orientation or professional commitment within the context of an opportunity
to manage earnings. Using a sample of 375 undergraduate business majors, our results suggest a significant relationship between
an individual’s ethical orientation and decision-making. Further, participants with higher levels of professional commitment
seem to be less likely to engage in earnings management behavior and less likely to behave opportunistically. These results
have the potential to add to our understanding of certain behaviors in entry-level personnel and should be of interest to
managers, practitioners, academicians, and researchers. 相似文献
766.
As is well-known, China’s rapid economic growth over the past decades has been impressive and this growth has driven the demand of qualified managers and professionals by both foreign and Chinese enterprises. This paper examines perceptions of the graduates of an American Executive MBA program, who experienced the transfer of Western management knowledge through team teaching and virtual student teams. The findings show that graduates are generally satisfied with their overall educational experience and its impact on their career in terms of promotions and compensation. Furthermore, the team teaching and global virtual student teams are viewed as valuable experiences. 相似文献
767.
The composition of growth matters for poverty alleviation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Norman V. Loayza 《Journal of development economics》2010,93(1):137-151
This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth itself. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then, it presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes, first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and, second, the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributions from unskilled labor-intensive sectors (agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, endogeneity concerns, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures. 相似文献
768.
Anti-poverty competences in a multilevel government: an empirical analysis of citizens’ preferences in Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article aims to investigate individuals’ perceptions about institutions that should be primarily responsible for reducing or preventing poverty, which is a dramatic phenomenon that became a crucial issue in European countries over recent years. We propose an empirical analysis based on European survey data and investigate some citizens’-level and country-level variables that potentially affect individuals’ attitudes. Our results suggest that country-level economic and institutional characteristics do significantly affect individual preferences for the governance of anti-poverty policies. 相似文献
769.
Rhoda?ColesEmail author Eddie?Norman 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2005,15(2):155-171
The paper explores the role of values in design decision-making through the eyes of key authors and a pilot study. ‘Knowing that’ and ‘knowing how’ in designing are reviewed and the problematic distinctions between ‘know how’; and skill noted. The effect of values on design decision-making is discussed and examples from the pilot study are presented together with a new categorisation strategy for values in design decision-making. 相似文献
770.
Johnson & Johnson launched the Campaign in February 2002. Data from surveys of nursing students, RNs, and CNOs reflect a high level of awareness of several key elements of the Campaign--advertisements, recruitment materials, the discovernursing.com Web site, and regional "Promise of Nursing" fundraising events. The J & J Campaign for Nursing's Future represents the largest involvement of the private corporate sector, and through this initiative we are learning new and innovative ways to examine the challenges confronting the nursing workforce and develop actions to help resolve them. 相似文献