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991.
992.
One- and two-factor stochastic volatility models are assessed over three sets of stock returns data: S&P 500, DJIA, and Nasdaq. Estimation is done by simulated maximum likelihood using techniques that are computationally efficient, robust, straightforward to implement, and easy to adapt to different models. The models are evaluated using standard, easily interpretable time-series tools. The results are broadly similar across the three data sets. The tests provide no evidence that even the simple single-factor models are unable to capture the dynamics of volatility adequately; the problem is to get the shape of the conditional returns distribution right. None of the models come close to matching the tails of this distribution. Including a second factor provides only a relatively small improvement over the single-factor models. Fitting this aspect of the data is important for option pricing and risk management. 相似文献
993.
The search for key sectors in an economy has been and still is one of the more recurrent themes in input–output analysis. When using clustering techniques, sectors can only belong to a group, having a particular performance. But, actually, the same sector could be important from different perspectives at the same time, to a different degree. So, a fuzzy clustering approach is needed. In this work we propose a multidimensional approach to classify the productive sectors of the Spanish input–output table for 1995, based on three groups of variables: those related to their productive integration, others measuring their specific weight in the economy and finally some showing their economic dynamic. We also incorporate into the analysis the technological level, which being a categorical variable presents special methodological problems. All these questions are tackled applying a robust and fuzzy clustering analysis, which gives as a result a classification of sectors illustrating the role that each one plays in the Spanish economy. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
Jos L. T. Blank 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,31(1):27-32
In many public service industries, firms are constrained by a cost (budget) and characterized by non-maximizing output behavior,
due to bureaucratic behavior, for instance. This paper proposes a model based on the assumption that firms with a cost constraint
do not maximize service levels due to resource preferences. It derives the exact relationships between services delivered,
(shadow) input prices, cost constraints, and optimal input quantities. From these relationships, allocative efficiencies,
technical efficiencies, output ray elasticities, and marginal cost can easily be derived.
相似文献
997.
In this study we examine regional data on per worker GDP, disaggregated at sectoral level, by focusing our interest on the
role of differences in the sectoral composition of activities, and in productivity gaps that are uniform across sectors, in
explaining the catching-up process, which is realized through physical and human capital as well as technological knowledge
accumulation. Our objective is to investigate how much of the interregional inequality in aggregate productivity per worker
is imputable to each component. A methodology for identifying and analyzing sources of inequality from a decomposed perspective
is developed in the growth framework by combining a shift-share based technique and a SUR model specification for the conditional-convergence
analysis. The proposed approach is employed to analyze aggregate interregional inequality of per worker productivity levels
in Italy over the period 1970–2000. With respect to the existing empirical results, our approach provides a more comprehensive
and detailed examination of the contribution of each identified component in explaining the regional productivity gaps in
Italy. It is argued that region-specific productivity differentials, uniform across sectors, explain a quite large share of
differences in productivity per worker. However, sectoral composition plays a non negligible role, although decreasing since
the end of 1980s, and very different productivity patterns emerge within geographical areas.
相似文献
Silvia BertarelliEmail: |
998.
When making management performance decisions, administrators frequently utilize balanced scorecard (BSC) to measure performance
because the BSC does not excessively focus on financial measures and seeks a balance among customer perspectives, learning
and growth, internal business processes and financial measures. A growing number of studies have applied the analytic hierarchical
process (AHP) method to choose BSC metrics for management performance. These AHP methods assume that criteria are independent.
Saaty (Decision making with dependence and feedback: the analytic network process. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, 1996) presented
the analytic network process (ANP) method to solve the limitations that criteria are independent. Conventional ANP methods
involve complex calculations when the number of criteria increases. Hence, this study attempts to integrate conjoint analysis
(CA) and the ANP method to simplify the ANP calculation procedure. Additionally, the decision of management policy is utilized
with BSC to determine whether the situation at a hospital demonstrates the feasibility of integrating CA with ANP. Study results
reveal that the proposed methodology increases the efficiency of decision making among policymakers and reduces associated
risks 相似文献
999.
This paper examines the congressional effect between the pre- and post-democratization on the stock market by the asymmetric
Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heterosce desticity (GARCH) model in the period 1984–2004. The results found that the
congressional effect is negative effect on stock returns but volatility is not significant. However, the democratic effect
on stock returns is negative and increased of volatility. Moreover, the congressional effect on stock market returns following
democratization significantly exceeds that before democratization, but have no significant effect for the volatility in the
same circumstances. These results provide evidences consistent with the contention of liberalization (Hayek, Am. Econ. Rev.
35, 519–530, Individualism and Economic order, The university of Chicago press, Chicago, London, 1945, 1948; Popper, The open
society and its Enemies, Princeton university, NJ, 1950). 相似文献
1000.
It is a common practice to complement a forecasting method such as simple exponential smoothing with a monitoring scheme to detect those situations where forecasts have failed to adapt to structural change. It will be suggested in this paper that the equations for simple exponential smoothing can be augmented by a common monitoring statistic to provide a method that automatically adapts to structural change without human intervention. The resulting method, which turns out to be a restricted form of damped trend corrected exponential smoothing, is compared with related methods on the annual data from the M3 competition. It is shown to be better than simple exponential smoothing and more consistent than traditional damped trend exponential smoothing. 相似文献