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11.
Flow Signals: Evidence from Patent and Alliance Portfolios in the US Biopharmaceutical Industry
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Integrating signalling theory and the portfolio diversity literature, we theorize that diversity in a firm's patent and alliance portfolios sends contrasting flow signals impacting its market value in a nuanced way. Diversity in an alliance portfolio mediates the patent portfolio diversity – market value relationship by suppressing the negative effect of patent portfolio diversity creating an overall positive effect. We test our mediation model on a longitudinal set of 225 US biopharmaceutical firms that were awarded 17,078 patents and participated in 37,744 alliances between 1990 and 2006. Our theory and findings contribute three novel insights. First, we demonstrate the value of a temporal lens in explaining why diversity in a firm's patent and alliance portfolios send flow signals that establish expectations among market observers and have performance implications. Second, establishing that patent and alliance portfolio diversity are temporally sequenced provides compelling evidence for the value of studying multiple types of portfolios, their temporal relationships and effects on firm outcomes. Third, since diversity in a firm's portfolios can send contrasting flow signals conditioned on the cognitive demands and proximity involved in interpreting the signals, firms that do not maintain a ‘signalling fit’ with market observers increase the probability of unintentional negative signalling effects. 相似文献
12.
Sustainable Purchasing in Food Retailing: Interorganizational Relationship Management to Green Product Supply
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Olga Chkanikova 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2016,25(7):478-494
Stakeholders’ demands for product sustainability redefine the focus of corporate purchasing strategies from the traditional concern with financial performance to considerations of ‘triple bottom line’ viability. This adds to the complexity of managing interorganizational relationships and poses a question regarding corporate ability to effectively leverage suppliers over environmental and social performance of supplied goods. Since it is not clear what type of purchasing relationship is more favorable for greening a product supply, the current paper aims to investigate how food retailers manage their relationships with suppliers in order to influence the environmental and social performance of procured goods and improve the availability of sustainably produced supply. The research is based on two case studies of Swedish supermarkets and supplementary semi‐structured interviews with Swedish, British and Danish supermarkets. The results of the study contribute to the existing body of academic knowledge in the field of sustainable supply chain management by developing a typology of sustainable purchasing relationships with detailed insights into the nature of collaborative practices, structure of incentives, sustainability ambition, and approaches to verification of compliance. The study has also revealed the dependence of sustainable purchasing relationships on the characteristics of the procurement context, namely the presence of well‐established sustainability certification schemes, perceived by purchaser's situation with availability of sustainability certified supply and purchaser's interpretation of the state of power dependence in relationships with suppliers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
13.
This article analyses management–union–worker relations in a foreign‐owned Moldovan clothing factory. Studies of post‐socialist industrial relations have focused on explaining labour quiescence, advancing ‘path dependence’ and ‘Soviet legacy’ arguments. These draw attention to strong links between management and unions, and weak relations between the latter and workers. We show how the union has, in one case, drawn creatively on Soviet legacies to develop strong articulation between itself and women workers. This was part of a wider adaptive strategy within which the union transformed the meaning of previous functions and developed novel ones. The outcome is a well‐organized representative union capable of challenging management at the negotiating table, as well as on the shop floor. This seems unlikely to be universal but equally unlikely to be unique. 相似文献
14.
We study the impact of financial contagion on the dynamic asset allocation problem of a CRRA investor facing an incomplete market with two risky assets. We apply a Markov chain regime-switching framework with state-dependent jump intensities, diffusion volatilities and diffusion correlations. The key model feature that a switch to the bad contagion regime is triggered by a loss in one of the risky assets allows for the implementation of a hedging demand against contagion risk. Moreover, a state-dependent diffusion correlation combined with heterogeneity in jump intensities and volatilities can, e.g., generate a flight to quality effect upon a systemic jump. 相似文献
15.
Drivers and Outcomes of Green Tourist Attitudes and Behavior: Sociodemographic Moderating Effects
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Leonidas C. Leonidou Dafnis N. Coudounaris Olga Kvasova Paul Christodoulides 《心理学和销售学》2015,32(6):635-650
This article reports the findings of a study, conducted among 234 foreign tourists who visited Cyprus, that aimed to identify the drivers and outcomes of eco‐friendly attitudes and behavior. Using structural equation modeling, the authors confirmed that deontological status, law obedience, and political action of tourists positively influence the adoption of an environmentally friendly attitude. In turn, these effects are conducive to eco‐friendly behavior, which ultimately enhances tourist satisfaction. Certain sociodemographic characteristics of tourists—namely, gender, age, education, and income—had a moderating effect on the link between deontological status, law obedience, and political action on the one hand and eco‐friendly attitudes on the other hand. Tourist nationality also had a control effect on tourist eco‐friendly attitudes. 相似文献
16.
Evaluation of Efficiency in Primary Health Care Centres: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis
Florencio García Carmen Marcuello Diana Serrano & Olga Urbina 《Financial Accountability and Management》1999,15(1):67-83
The aim of this paper is to analyse one of the principal problems in primary health care management: the evaluation of efficiency in primary health care centres. Given the special characteristics of measuring outcome in primary care it is necessary to evaluate the performance of centres from a quality perspective too. The methodology used, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), allows us to introduce quantitative and qualitative variables in a sample of primary care centres in a Spanish province. Once the efficiency of the different centres is known, we investigate the sensitivity of the methodology to changes in the definition of outputs used. 相似文献
17.
18.
This article is concerned with how MNCs (multinational corporations) differ from indigenous organisations in relation to their human resource development (HRD) practices, and whether this relationship changes across countries. We question whether local isomorphism is apparent in the HRD practices of MNCs, or whether MNCs share more in common with their counterparts in other countries. A series of hypotheses are put forward and tested, using survey data from 424 multinational and 259 indigenous organisations based in the UK and Ireland. The results suggest a hybrid form of localisation, where MNCs adapt their practices to accommodate national differences, but that these adaptations do not reflect convergence to domestic practice. The results also indicate that MNCs are selective in the HRD practices that are adapted. Evidence from this study indicates that country differences in career traditions and labour market skill needs are key drivers in the localisation of associated HRD practice. In contrast, MNCs, irrespective of national context, adopt comparable systematic training frameworks, ie training‐need identification, evaluation and delivery. 相似文献
19.
Ethical guidelines for psychologists are meant to stimulate and help psychologists to act appropriately with respect to clients,
colleagues, and other individuals involved in their professional relations. This paper focuses on the similarity of codes
of ethics of psychologists in European countries in general, and on specific ethical dilemmas in the area of work and organizations
in particular. First, an overview is given of the development of ethical guidelines in Europe and the USA. Second, the results
are presented of a survey by E-mail amongst members of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) to identify
the differences and similarities between ethical guidelines of the affiliate members. Third, the potential dilemmas of stakeholders
in work and organizational assessment are addressed. Finally, the results of a survey among Dutch selection psychologists
are presented. The purpose of this study was to examine a possible tension between normative behavior and attitudes about
normal behavior. It was concluded that ethical guidelines of European countries cover comparable (sub-)principles and that
there are indications that individual psychologists agree with the written principles. In addition, suggestions for future
research are given.
Olga Voskuijl is Assistant Professor in Work and Organizational Psychology at the University of Amsterdam. Her research interests
include codes of ethics, ethical dilemas in psychology, personnel selection; theory, and measurement of job performance; job
analysis; measurement and analysis, of ability, personality, and vocational development. She has published on these topics
in journals such as International Journal of Selection and Assessment, International Journal of Human Resource Management
and European Journal of Psychological Assessment.
Arne Evers is Associate Professor in Work and Organizational Psychology at the University of Amsterdam. His research interests
include personnel selection, discrimination in selection, test and scale construction, organizational diagnosis and work stress.
His publications have appeared in such journals as Journal of Organizational Behavior, European Journal of Psychological Assessment,
and Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Arne is a member of the Committee on Testing of the Dutch Association
of Psychologists (COTAN) and of the standing Committee on Tests and Testing of the European Federation of Psychological Associations
(EFPA). 相似文献
20.