Capacity utilization under dynamic profit maximization

Empirically implementable measures of optimal capacity utilization are developed from the dynamic profit maximization perspective. The primal measure is based on behavior of the firm's supply along an optimal path to the steady state. The dual measure is based on the behavior of the dynamic value function in the stock of the quasi-fixed input. Rates of optimal capacity utilization are estimated for the U.S. food processing and distribution sector over the period 1948–1991.     

On Reform Intensity under Uncertainty

We model policy reform as a way to affect the stochastic process of relative returns that firms face when switching from old to new activities. This stochastic process has an Ito process component that is noncontrollable and policy reforms result in jumps in relative returns that arrive according to a Poisson process. The intensity of policy reform depends on the arrival rate and magnitude of jumps. We use a single firm model to understand the reaction of the firm to such a stochastic process and the usual hysteresis results in switching between old and new activities. Aggregation to the level of all firms leads to an appropriate definition of the government payoff function, and we use this to obtain the optimal level of reform. The results are as follows: there exists an optimal level of radical reform that overcomes the hysteresis behavior of firms; if such a level is not desirable, then the intensity of policy reform is not at an extreme point; and this gradual level of optimal reform is lower if uncertainty is higher.J. Comp. Econom.,December 1997,25(3), pp. 297–321. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; Olin School of Business, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; and IBM, Armonk, New York 10504.