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11.
This article presents a systematic review of the English-language empirical literature about citizen participation to identify the obstacles to its implementation and the most successful ways to address them. Three sets of variables seem to impact effectiveness: contextual factors, including information asymmetries and public officials’ attitude; organizational arrangements, including community representation criteria and process design; and process management patterns, including group dynamics and collaboration quality. Two recommendations stem from our analysis: internalize decisions in organizational procedures, and establish ongoing interactions between government bodies and their stakeholders. We conclude that half-hearted engagement is unlikely to lead to successful citizen participation. 相似文献
12.
We model a regression density flexibly so that at each value of the covariates the density is a mixture of normals with the means, variances and mixture probabilities of the components changing smoothly as a function of the covariates. The model extends the existing models in two important ways. First, the components are allowed to be heteroscedastic regressions as the standard model with homoscedastic regressions can give a poor fit to heteroscedastic data, especially when the number of covariates is large. Furthermore, we typically need fewer components, which makes it easier to interpret the model and speeds up the computation. The second main extension is to introduce a novel variable selection prior into all the components of the model. The variable selection prior acts as a self-adjusting mechanism that prevents overfitting and makes it feasible to fit flexible high-dimensional surfaces. We use Bayesian inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate the model. Simulated and real examples are used to show that the full generality of our model is required to fit a large class of densities, but also that special cases of the general model are interesting models for economic data. 相似文献
13.
Panel data and descriptor for energy econometrics – an efficiency,resilience and innovation analysis
Quality & Quantity - The work at hand presents a new extensive panel dataset for energy economics, econometrics and policy. The referred dataset is made of 5000 observations circa, including 6... 相似文献
14.
Annalina Sarra Lara Fontanella Fausto D’Egidio Paolo Frattone 《Quality and Quantity》2014,48(6):3025-3036
Drug abuse results from a series of different factors, such as social and family issues. Subjects more vulnerable to develop an addiction are, for instance, people living in high-stress environments who may resort to addiction in order to cope with their circumstances, such as demanding jobs, family crisis or other situations or people living in low-income households where violence occurs, who may be triggered into addiction as a way to escape negative emotions or ignore any underlying problems or issues. Psychometric research in the field of drug dependence has focused on identifying certain personality characteristics. It is now generally agreed that personality may influence, precipitate or perpetuate substance abuse. The aim of this paper is to perform a dimensional assessment of personality in a sample of drug addicts. To better understand the complexity of addictive behaviours of substance-using individuals, the Cloninger’s temperament and character inventory test is employed while the item response data analysis is performed by mixed-effects Rasch models. These models combine the advantages both of Rasch measurement framework for latent variables and of models with hierarchical data. To evaluate the differences in dimensions of temperament and character inventory test in subjects with drug addiction, we fit and compare a sequence of mixed-effects Rasch models. Results from models fitting are compared and discussed for a data set of 84 participants. 相似文献
15.
R&D competition, absorptive capacity, and market shares 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper deals with an oligopolistic industry where firms are engaged in cost-reducting R&D activity to maximize their market
shares. The existence and uniqueness of a feedback-Nash-optimal R&D strategy for each firm are discussed. Our simulations
highlight that variations in spillovers hardly influence the firms' R&D investment, if their absorptive capacities to exploit
extramural knowledge depend on their R&D efforts. Moreover, extramural knowledge cannot completely replace in-house R&D. However,
a high level of public R&D favors the firm with the most restrictive R&D expenditure constraint and/or with the lowest initial
R&D stock, provided it invests in R&D. 相似文献
16.
We study a class of stochastic Overlapping generations (OLG) economies that have one-memory equilibria, that is equilibria
that are determined by the current and past realizations of the states of uncertainty. This class is negligible, but important.
In particular, it contains all the known examples of nonexistence of recursive equilibrium. We show that, within this restricted
domain, the existence of recursive equilibrium is actually typical, and such examples are therefore nonrobust.
We thank Felix Kubler, Herakles Polemarchakis and Steve Spear for many useful discussions. This paper was started while the
first author was visiting Columbia Business School. 相似文献
17.
Paolo Epifani 《Regional Science and Urban Economics》2005,35(6):645-657
We argue that embedding endowment-based comparative advantage within a standard NEG framework helps solve the indeterminacy due to multiple equilibria and the ambiguity concerning the relation between integration and specialisation (monotonicity versus non-monotonicity) typical of the NEG literature. In particular, we show that if endowments are in the FPE set, the process of trade integration involves an overshooting of international specialisation and relative factor prices with respect to the free trade level determined by factor abundance. In contrast, if endowments are outside the FPE set, then, even in the presence of agglomeration forces, specialisation and factor prices are monotonically related to trade costs, as implied by the standard trade theory. We argue that the model can shed light on some puzzling stylised facts. 相似文献
18.
Ibrahima Barry Olivier Bonroy Paolo G. Garella 《The Canadian journal of economics》2017,50(4):1037-1062
For‐profit certifier's eco‐labelling is common in industries where firms have some “countervailing power” on sharing gains from labelling. We show that the certification standard for an environmental quality is lowered when firms have strong “power.” A certifier with too low bargaining power will prefer to sell to the best offer rather than bargain. This switch in the selling mechanism also thwarts his incentives in setting the standard. This is consequential for evaluating policies. The dimensions and even signs of welfare changes induced by taxes and subsidies depend upon the mechanism used, and ultimately upon firms’ countervailing power. 相似文献
19.
Giuseppe Albanese Guido de Blasio Paolo Sestito 《International Review of Economics》2017,64(4):367-388
The paper shows that time preferences and risk preferences are key covariates of self-reported trust. They both predict negatively a measure of generalized trust; however, risk aversion is positively correlated with an index of particularized trusting behaviour (which refers to the circle of known people). 相似文献
20.
Paolo Pellizzari Arianna Dal Forno 《Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination》2007,2(1):27-43
We compare price dynamics of different market protocols (batch auction, continuous double auction and dealership) in an agent-based
artificial exchange. In order to distinguish the effects of market architectures alone, we use a controlled environment where
allocative and informational issues are neglected and agents do not optimize or learn. Hence, we rule out the possibility
that the behavior of traders drives the price dynamics. Aiming to compare price stability and execution quality in broad sense,
we analyze standard deviation, excess kurtosis, tail exponent of returns, volume, perceived gain by traders and bid-ask spread.
Overall, a dealership market appears to be the best candidate, generating low volume and volatility, virtually no excess kurtosis
and high perceived gain. 相似文献