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161.
162.
François Maniquet 《Review of Economic Design》2002,7(1):1-15
Abstract. Studying one-input one-output economies, we say that an allocation is proportional if the input-output ratio is identical
among agents and if each agent maximizes her welfare given this ratio. We propose three equity axioms based on this definition,
and we use them to compare the main solutions to this simple equity problem. We also combine efficiency, robustness axioms
and our proportionality axioms to characterize two solutions.
Received: 11 June 1997 / Accepted: 26 May 2000 相似文献
163.
Pedro G. Pascal Allend Rosemond Cheetham Price 《International journal of urban and regional research》1977,1(1-3):474-507
To analyse the historical evolution of the building sector in Chile, and the way in which it reflects and affects the social structure as a whole, it is necessary to consider two aspects:
- 1 the building sector, considered as a specific part of the production sphere, a specific system of economic and social interests;
- 2 the building front, where the social practices of the conflicting forces express the needs of the reproduction of the labour force, and the class struggle in the building sector, opposed to speculation and capital accumulation processes.
164.
François Hetman 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》1978,11(4):303-313
Search for some means of social management of technology has become a major concern for science and technology policy in recent years. Social Assessment of Technology (SAT) is considered as a potentially important instrument of this new orientation of policy. The concept of social assessment of technology leads to a reappraisal of the role of science and technology in a contemporary society, both with regard to policy, and to final objectives. It is a new approach to a better informed decision-making. Though it is of interest to all segments of the policy-making process, one would expect that social assessment of technology should be closely linked to technology policy. However, from the institutional point of view, technology has no place of its own. The term “technology” was only recently added to that of science in the relevant national government agencies. This is a purely formal link. To arrive at an operational outline of technology policy, a much deeper understanding of technology and the innovative process in general is still necessary.The lack of an appropriate institutional “niche” makes it particularly difficult to envisage technology assessment studies at an international level. The work accomplished by OECD is of interest, since it is the first experience of its kind. Theoretical and factual investigations had led to the publication of a comprehensive analysis, Society and the Assessment of Technology, and a report on Methodological Guidelines for Social Assessment of Technology. This was followed by an attempt to test the social assessment approach in applying it to real problems of interested member countries. International cooperation in the field of social assessment of technology is hampered by a number of major difficulties such as changing objectives of national policy, secrecy, race for a competitive advantage, insufficient diffusion and understanding of the concept itself, and the unwillingness or inability of decision-makers to consider middle- and long-term policies. 相似文献
165.
François Marini 《The GENEVA Risk and Insurance Review》2006,31(1):61-66
This note provides an example of an optimal banking panic. We construct a model in which a banking panic is triggered by the
banker, not the depositors. When the banker receives a pessimistic information on the return on the bank’s assets, he liquidates
them prematurely in order to protect his capital. In the face of this liquidation, all depositors withdraw their funds prematurely.
The premature liquidation of the bank’s assets strengthens the bank’s balance sheet. As a result, the banking panic does not
cause bank failure and the government should not try to prevent the panic. Such a panic occured in 1857 in the United States.
JEL Classification G21 相似文献
166.
167.
Jean‐Olivier Hairault François Langot Thepthida Sopraseuth 《International Economic Review》2008,49(3):755-797
It is argued that the tax on continued activity should be removed by implementing actuarially fair schemes. However, these schemes cannot fund the expected Social Security (SS) deficit. This article proposes to give individuals a fraction of the actuarially fair incentives in the case of postponed retirement. SS faces a trade‐off between giving enough incentives to make individuals delay retirement and giving little increase in pensions in order to help finance its expected deficit. This trade‐off is captured by a Laffer curve. Finally, when the SS system aims to maximize welfare, the optimal tax on postponed retirement is still strictly positive. 相似文献
168.
This paper studies the existence of solutions in continuous time optimization problems. It provides a theorem whose conditions
can be easily checked in most models of the optimal growth theory, including those with increasing returns and multi-sector
economies.
相似文献
169.
François H. Courvoisier Fabienne A. Courvoisier 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》2007,12(3):189-204
- Marketing in cultural institutions is a field that has rarely been studied in French-speaking Switzerland so far.
- Therefore this paper explores the way in which visitors-clients appreciate qualitatively their contacts with cultural institutions concerned with the visual arts in comparison with the communication strategy of the curators and directors of museums.
- A survey has been conducted amongst 20 museums and over 200 visitors of French-speaking Switzerland to evaluate the way visitors perceive the marketing of cultural institutions and behave accordingly or not.
- The paper concludes with recommendations to improve the knowledge of the visitors' background and expectations.
170.
Natalia Bobadilla Marie Goransson François Pichault 《Entrepreneurship & Regional Development》2013,25(5-6):378-399
ABSTRACTThis paper explores the conditions under which urban entrepreneurship can develop through art-based interventions. Drawing on two contrasting case studies (Civic City in France, Fieris Fééries in Belgium) and taking actor-network theory (ANT) as a starting analytical point, we outline the tensions involved in the implementation process of such interventions. We focus on the capacity of urban entrepreneurs to engage different relevant stakeholders (artists, local government and citizens), establish connections between disconnected worlds that are likely to challenge existing institutional structures and eventually create novelty. We identify these actors as ‘translators’. The paper shows that when urban entrepreneurs play an active translation role consistently over time, art-based interventions can have a substantial impact on urban regeneration. 相似文献