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91.
Cross-country comparisons of traditional measures of concentration, such as the Herfindahl index, are of limited use for answering normative questions such as: ‘Is the banking system too concentrated in our country?’ This paper develops a measure of concentration, essentially by normalising the Herfindahl index by a minimum feasible value for that index based on market size for each country. A formal derivation is given, and the measure is related to the mark-up of price over marginal cost for banking services. The empirical implications of the new measure are illustrated by reference to some recent studies. 相似文献
92.
Beginning in the 1950s, advertising and marketing specialistsin Yugoslavia campaigned aggressively to change public and officialperceptions of their work. By casting commercial promotion interms of categories already established as legitimate in theideology of Yugoslav socialism, the industry gradually naturalizedadvertising and marketing, transforming them from suspect capitalistpractices into apparent necessities of progressive, rationalproduction and distribution. Although the rhetoric used in thiscampaign consistently appealed to socialist values, in practiceYugoslav advertising and marketing were largely based on Westernmodels. Yugoslav commercial promotion was only superficially"socialist advertising"; practitioners' arguments tended toobscure the true qualities of the industry. 相似文献
93.
Giving mergers a head start 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mergers with substantial business overlap face a barrier to speedy integration: Antitrust regulations limit the information companies can share before a deal closes. But as Dow Chemical and Union Carbide found, premerger planning by "clean teams" of former employees can help merging companies hit the ground running. 相似文献
94.
Public sector associations have successfully developed and run employee health insurance pools for almost 30 years, providing members with savings and flexibility not available from commercial health insurance carriers. This article looks at the models, technical tools and governance philosophy that have contributed to their success in a very challenging business environment. 相似文献
95.
Patrick O'Brien 《De Economist》2000,148(4):469-501
This essay locates the rise and relative decline of the economy of the Netherlands over the period l585-l8l5 in geopolitics. It has used the rise of Britain, l688-1815 as a point of reference and for bilateral comparison, in order to validate a hypothesis that the degree of avoidable decline had less to do with inefficiencies in the economic sphere, but flowed essentially from political failures to countervail blatant and violent challenges from the new nation's mercantilist rivals – particularly France but also Britain. I concluded that a similar pattern of political complacency, cultural inertia and liberal myopia marked the response of imperial Britain to the threat from Germany after its reunification in l870. 相似文献
96.
Color carries meaning and can influence consumers’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Many disciplines, such as neuroscience, psychophysics, visual cognition, and biology have used new technologies to gain insights in understanding the complexities of color perception, yet there exists relatively little research in the field of marketing. This paper aims to reestablish the importance of color research in marketing, draw attention to the complex nature of this research, and to fuel further investigation and the development of new insights about color as it relates to marketing. The authors offer an integrated conceptual framework centered on the embodied and referential meanings of color and highlight the complexities and nuances that researchers must consider in order to develop this area. Insights from and gaps in the extant literature are highlighted to present a set of questions and propositions for future research in this area of investigation. 相似文献
97.
Measuring the immeasurable — A survey of sustainability indices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sustainability indices for countries provide a one-dimensional metric to valuate country-specific information on the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, environmental, and social conditions. At the policy level, they suggest an unambiguous yardstick against which a country's development can be measured and even a cross-country comparison can be performed. This article reviews the explanatory power of various sustainability indices applied in policy practice. We show that these indices fail to fulfill fundamental scientific requirements making them rather useless if not misleading with respect to policy advice. 相似文献
98.
An investigation of path-goal leadership theory and its impact on intrachannel conflict and satisfaction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patrick L. Schul 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1987,15(4):42-52
This path-analytic study examined the relationships among channel members’ perceptions of dimensions representing channel
leader behavior, channel conflict and satisfaction. In doing so, the path-goal theory of leadership is tested in a franchise
channel of distribution. The results indicate that both the consideration and the initiating structure dimensions of leader
behavior significantly influence franchisees’ satisfaction with the franchise arrangement. As defined in the theory, these
relationships were found to be mediated by the existing level of conflict being experienced by franchisees. Causal linkages
are also found between intrachannel conflict and satisfaction. Specific recommendations are provided to franchisors and other
channel leaders. 相似文献
99.
We use the method of indirect inference, using the bootstrap, to test the Smets and Wouters model of the EU against a VAR
auxiliary equation describing their data. We find that their model generates excessive variance compared with the data. But
their model fits the dynamic facts quite well if the errors have the properties assumed by SW but scaled down. We compare
a New Classical version of the model which also performs reasonably if error properties are chosen using New Classical priors
(notably excluding shocks to preferences). Both versions have (different) difficulties fitting the data if the actual error
properties are used. A model combining rigid and flexible-wage/price sectors, with a weight of around 5% on the rigid sector,
does best in fitting the data. 相似文献
100.
byFredrick O. Wanyama Patrick Develtere Ignace Pollet 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2009,80(3):361-392
ABSTRACT ** : Cooperative development in Africa can be said to have traversed two main eras: the era of state control and that of liberalization. The first era lasted up to the early 1990s and saw the origin and substantial growth of cooperatives on the continent. During that period, different models of cooperative development were introduced on the continent. We distinguish a unified cooperative model, a social economy model, a social movement model, a producers' model and an indigenous model. But in all cases, cooperatives were engulfed into state politics. However, little is known about the impact of liberalization measures on these models. Our research in 11 African countries reveals that cooperatives in Africa have survived the market forces and continued to grow in number and membership. We see a slow but sure erosion of the unified model and the adoption of a social economy model. Cooperatives in Africa are re-examining their organizational forms and diversifying their activities in response to members' interests and needs. 相似文献