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排序方式: 共有6542条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
This article derives a model of airline services as joint goods. Using this model, the article shows how the existence of higher fares in certain hub routes may imply the market has generated a solution to the problem of covering joint costs by having a larger proportion of those costs come from hub routes, rather than the existence of any general market failure. The model is then used to make recommendations for competition policy. 相似文献
62.
Operational Research and the environment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The discipline of Operational Research (OR) is primarily concerned with improving the effectiveness and efficiency of decision processes. These processes take place everywhere in society: industry, banking, agriculture, government, politics. Frequent use of mathematical optimization models is typical of OR. Since the early '80s these models are increasingly packaged in a user-friendly way, as Decision Support Systems. In the following we will illustrate how OR can be used to describe and solve a number of environmental problems. 相似文献
63.
64.
Silva Portela Maria Conceição A. Borges Pedro Castro Thanassoulis Emmanuel 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2003,19(2-3):251-269
This paper draws attention for the fact that traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models do not provide the closest possible targets (or peers) to inefficient units, and presents a procedure to obtain such targets.It focuses on non-oriented efficiency measures (which assume that production units are able to control, and thus change, inputs and outputs simultaneously) both measured in relation to a Free Disposal Hull (FDH) technology and in relation to a convex technology. The approaches developed for finding close targets are applied to a sample of Portuguese bank branches. 相似文献
65.
Francisco Muñoz Leiva Francisco Javier Montoro Ríos Teodoro Luque Martínez 《Quality and Quantity》2006,40(4):519-537
In the process of coding open-ended questions, the evaluation of interjudge reliability is a critical issue. In this paper,
using real data, the behavior of three coefficients of reliability among coders, Cohen’s K, Krippendorff’s α and Perreault and Leigh’s I
r
are patterned, in terms of the number of judges involved and the categories of answer defined. The outcome underlines the
importance of both variables in the valuations of interjudge reliability, as well as the higher adequacy of Perreault and
Leigh’s I
r
and Krippendorff’s α for marketing and opinion research. 相似文献
66.
N. Mukhopadhyay 《Metrika》1977,24(1):197-201
Asymptotic normality of the stopping time ofMukhopadhyay [1976] relating to the point estimation problem is proved. Also moderate sample size behaviour of this stopping time has been studied by Monte-Carlo methods. 相似文献
67.
Akhavein Jalal D. Swamy P. A. V. B. Taubman Stephen B. Singamsetti Rao N. 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1997,8(1):71-93
This article develops a new method of estimating inefficiencies in joint production and shows that unlike the approaches utilized in the previous studies of inefficiency, this method maintains a consistent relationship between the error term of a profit function and the error terms of its price derivatives. A useful by-product of the method is a proof of a Hotelling-like lemma that relates stochastic input demand and output supply functions to stochastic profit functions. While the previous studies fit a single frontier to data on all firms, this paper estimates a frontier unique to every observed firm to allow each one to have a different potential of achieving maximal levels of profit. The new method is applied in the analysis of annual data, 1984–1989, for U.S. commercial banks. Both the analytical and numerical results of the paper show that the residual that the previous studies attribute to inefficiency includes the effects of excluded variables and of inaccuracies in the specified functional forms. Once accurate estimates of these effects are subtracted from the residual, the distortions in the measured inefficiencies should be considerably reduced. Consequently, this article considers how such estimates might be obtained. 相似文献
68.
Jack N. Kondrasuk Lisa J. Reed James J. Jurinski 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2001,13(4):165-173
In the past decade, businesses, for reasons such as greater flexibility and lower total costs, have increased their use of nontraditional workers such as independent contractors and temporary agency employees. The Internal Revenue Service's crackdown on misclassifying employees slowed this growth. Additionally, recent lawsuits by nontraditional workers against employers such as Microsoft Corporation have resulted in some client employers being forced to pay more benefits to nontraditional employees because of employment misclassification and coemployment rulings. Such rulings might reduce or even eliminate the use of some types of nontraditional employees. This paper analyzes the vast array of types of workers that have evolved into the nontraditional work force and the difficulty of defining employee with respect to entitlement to employer benefits. Possible recommendations for employers include auditing present use of nontraditional workers, accurately classifying employees, and taking proper actions to minimize problems in the future. 相似文献
69.
This paper characterizes optimal monetary policy in the context of a general equilibrium model with optimizing agents and staggered price setting. Starting from a steady state with positive inflation, a rapid disinflation is desirable when announcements of future monetary policy are fully credible. Disinflationary policy yields substantial losses in output and employment when the monetary authority lacks credibility; nevertheless, the benefits of disinflation still exceed the costs. Disinflation often fails to be welfare-improving, however, when lost seignorage revenues must be replaced using other distortionary taxes. 相似文献
70.
Objective comparisons of consignment, just-in-time, and stockless 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Gerber N 《Hospital materiel management quarterly》1991,13(1):10-17