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61.
Yew-Kwang Ng 《The Australian economic review》1987,20(3):21-35
The pricing and investment policies of a public enterprise should be designed to achieve efficiency since equity is better pursued by general policy regarding income distribution. Short-run marginal-cost pricing does not generally lead to long-term deficit, but may involve price and surplus/deficit cycles for the case with lumpy investments and growing demand, where the price increases with demand but is reduced with capacity expansion. Taking account of the extra costs of government revenue collection and the likely average price/cost ratio in the economy, the third-best pricing policy is likely to result in long-term surplus, making the objectives of equity, efficiency and financial viability much more consistent with each other than is generally believed. This is particularly true for water with historically increasing costs of additional sources of supply. 相似文献
62.
Yew-Kwang Ng 《The Australian economic review》1992,25(3):19-28
This article addresses some basic issues (including distributional weights, discount rates, and the value of life) in the cost-benefit analysis of urban drainage and provides a framework for the estimation of the optimal amount of investment for flood mitigation. This involves: (i) estimating the expected total damage from flooding in present-value terms before flood mitigation; (ii) deriving the reduction in expected total damage as the average recurrent interval of flooding increases; (iii) estimating how this interval increases with the amount of investment in flood mitigation; and (iv) choosing the optimal investment by equating marginal benefit and marginal cost. The framework is also applicable to other accident or damage mitigation investments and some issues discussed are relevant to all types of cost-benefit analysis. 相似文献
63.
This paper seeks to understand the professionalisation project of accountants by historically 'following' the organised, contingent interests of state agencies, professional elites, business and community organisations. Drawing upon recent research on the accounting profession that is grounded in the work of Weber, Marx and Foucault, professions are seen as self-interested transnational collec-tives whose internal modes of membership control and external relationships with other organised interests are both structured and subject to continual renegotiation and change. This particular framing of professional associations is illustrated by documenting the emergence of the Australian Public Sector Accounting Standards Board in 1983. 相似文献
64.
65.
Yew-Kwang Ng 《Journal of Macroeconomics》1984,6(3):357-363
The response elasticities of (nominal) aggregate demand to the price level and to other nominal variables (e.g., money supply) are both positive but smaller than one. Aggregate demand is less/as responsive to real income than/as to the price level in the short/long run. Real aggregate demand is less/as responsive to real income than/as nominal aggregate demand is to the price level in the short/long run. Some uses of these results are indicated. 相似文献
66.
David S. Ng 《The Journal of Finance》1977,32(5):1717-1728
67.
We estimate price and income elasticities from a linear, log-linear, and the almost ideal demand model (with and without an adjustment for selectivity bias) in an effort to show that special attention should be paid to the underlying assumptions of consumer behaviour when estimating a medical care demand model. The literature on medical care utilization is extended by incorporating two major components of spending as separate demands in a system of medical care spending. We find that estimates of elasticities vary depending on the functional form of the estimating equation, thus questioning the usefulness for policy purposes of single estimates of elasticities. 相似文献
68.
Factors influencing the uptake of a mechatronics curriculum initiative in five Australian secondary schools 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
While the ready-made Lego™ Robotics kits are popular in schools and are used by students at both primary and secondary year
levels, using the Picaxe microcontroller (chip) to create simple electronic devices, including robotic devices is less popular.
The latter imposes an additional challenge as a result of the need to construct the universal board with the chip in it—a
challenge embraced in the cross-disciplinary mechatronics program in this study. This paper reports on how teachers from five
Australian secondary schools put into practice technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) developed from expert-led
workshops and explores factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) that influenced the implementation. The results show that different
strategies were adopted by the schools in implementing the programs. While teacher attitude played an important role in influencing
the program’s success, being able to identify where the program sits within the curriculum and planning around timetable and
facility constraints were also important factors to consider. The research indicated that teachers’ TPCK was most challenged
in non-obvious areas such as diagnosing where faulty soldering joints were. 相似文献
69.
Louise M. Hassan Edward Shiu James F. Thrasher Geoffrey T. Fong Gerard Hastings 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》2008,13(3):263-274
- This paper explores the effectiveness of cigarette warning labels across two countries, one (the UK) with new and stricter legislation where text based labels have been made more prominent and one (the USA) with less stringent regulation, where labels are less visible. Using longitudinal data from the two countries, the research seeks to investigate the impact of the different types of warning labels on the information processing by consumers. This paper assesses the effectiveness of warning labels in terms of: consumer attention, elaboration, contemplation on quitting and behavioural compliance. This study provides a comprehensive examination of these key factors in a fixed causal sequence. Structural equation modelling was used to test this model based on longitudinal panel survey data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Analysis of a sample of 901 US smokers and 1459 UK smokers yielded results in full support of all hypothesised relationships in the model proposed for both countries. Findings suggest that the new European Union policy of more prominent warning labels has a direct effect on influencing behavioural compliance by smokers.
70.
This study proposes methodological adjustments to the widely adopted performance benchmarking methodology of Daniel et al. (1997 ) as a means of improving the precision of alpha measurement for active equity fund managers. We achieve this by considering the monthly updating of characteristic benchmarks and to ensure neutrality to the Standard & Poor's/Australian Stock Exchange 300 index. Applying this benchmark to a representative sample of active Australian equity funds and simulated passive portfolios that mimic fund manager‐style characteristics, we find statistically different and lower tracking error compared with using the standard characteristic benchmark methodology. We also find evidence that the modified benchmark statistically infers an alpha closer to zero compared with the standard benchmark methodology. Our findings suggest that improved specifications of characteristic benchmarks represent better methods in quantifying fund manager skill. 相似文献