Family Communication Patterns and Marketplace Motivations,Attitudes, and Behaviors of Children and Mothers

This study examined the relation between family communication patterns (FCP) and mothers' marketplace motivations, attitudes, and behaviors (MAB). Adolescents' prediction accuracy of mothers' consumption motivations was also investigated. Results indicate mothers' materialistic and shopping tendencies, advertising attitudes, information use, and consumption motivations are linked to FCP. Adolescents' predictions of mothers' consumption motivations coincided with mothers' self-reported motivations. The findings suggest that FCP may play a role in the acquisition of marketplace MAB.     

Acquisition of Consumption Stereotypes by Children

While the consumer socialization of children includes securing an understanding of economic rationality, it also includes learning the symbolic meanings attached by society to consumer goods. Using photographs of cars and houses, this research examined the developing recognition of consumption stereotypes by children varying in age, gender and social class. Both the strength and content of consumption stereotypes were considered. Highly consistent age differences were found, but the data revealed few gender and social class differences.     

INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT – THE EMERGENT PPP EQUITY MARKET

Increasingly governments are looking to private sector actors to invest in infrastructure projects. An emergent mechanism for such investment is the market in PPP equity. This is an aspect of PPPs that has to date had little empirical attention. This paper reports on the size and scope of the market in PPP equity sales within the UK. In the process, the nature of PPP projects and the existing rationales for the policy are critiqued. The paper concludes by laying out a number of potential research agendas focused on PPP equity sales including a call for reassessing theoretical perspectives.     

Who bears the burden of employer compliance with social security contributions? Evidence from Chinese firm level data

This article utilizes firm level audited data from Shanghai in 2002 and 2003 to examine the extent to which employers shift the burden of compliance with social security obligations back to employees in the form of lower wages. Results from a fixed effects panel model using data on a subset of the firms audited in both years found that 18.9% of the compliance cost was shifted back to employees in the form of lower wages. Separate two-stage least squares estimates with controls for firm size, ownership and industry type for 2002 and 2003 found that the incidence of social insurance contributions on employees increased across the two years. In 2002 the incidence of social insurance contributions on employees was 9.1% and in 2003 this increased to 33.8%. An explanation for the increase in the incidence on employees over the two years is that employer compliance improved in 2003 compared with 2002.     

Alcohol Messages in Prime‐Time Television Series

Alcohol messages contained in television programming serve as sources of information about drinking. To better understand the ways embedded messages about alcohol are communicated, it is crucial to objectively monitor and analyze television alcohol depictions. This article presents a content analysis of an eight‐week sample of eighteen prime‐time programs. Alcohol messages were coded based on modalities of presentation, level of plot connection, and valence. The analysis reveals that mixed messages about alcohol often coexist but the ways in which they are presented differ: whereas negative messages are tied to the plot and communicated verbally, positive messages are associated with subtle visual portrayals.     

The Relation Between Security Returns,Firm Earnings,and Industry Earnings*

Abstract. In this paper we examine the relation between a firm's stock return and the earnings of other firms in the same industry, controlling for the firm's own earnings. We present a model in which the sign of this relation depends on the relative uncertainty there is about the size of the total industry value versus the division of that value between firms. We document considerable cross-industry variation in the relation between a firm's return and other firms' earnings, and demonstrate empirically that the sign of the relation depends on information provided prior to the industry earnings announcement period. Résumé. Les auteurs examinent la relation entre le rendement de l'action d'une société et les bénéfices des entreprises appartenant au même secteur d'activité, en veillant à contrôler les bénéfices de la société en question. Dans le modèle qu'ils proposent, le sens (positif ou négatif) de cette relation dépend de l'incertitude relative qui caractérise l'importance de la valeur globale du secteur d'activité par rapport au partage de cette valeur entre les entreprises qui le constituent. Les auteurs ont recueilli quantité d'information confirmant l'existence d'une forte variation dans la relation entre le rendement des actions d'une entreprise et les bénéfices des autres entreprises d'un même secteur; ils démontrent aussi empiriquement que le sens de la relation dépend de l'information produite avant la période où les bénéfices du secteur sont communiqués.     

Conjectures on Colonial Accounting History in Australia

This article analyses three current conjectures regarding Australian accounting history between 1788 and 1817. All relate to double entry bookkeeping. First, that it was practised in Australia before 1817: second, that it was introduced to Australia by Lieutenant John Palmer. RN. in 1788: and third, that its teaching in Australia can be traced to the period 1804–6. Additional conjectures are proposed about the introduction of double entry bookkeeping to Australia and the identity of Australia's first double entry accountant. It is argued that the pioneering of double entry bookkeeping in the colony of New South Wales should not be located before 1810.     

Religion: A Confounding Cultural Element in the International Harmonization of Accounting?

Discussion of the influence of culture on the international development and harmonization of accounting has focused primarily upon indigenous characteristics which are confined within national boundaries. But cultural inputs, such as religion, which transcend national boundaries, should not be overlooked. Islam is a particular case in point. Its principles commit Muslims to a definitive code of ethical commercial and personal behaviour affecting both the structuring and financing of business affairs between the faithful, and between Muslims and non-Muslims. Islam has the potential for influencing the structure, underlying concepts and the mechanisms of accounting in the Islamic world. Its potential for influencing accounting policy is illustrative of religion as a confounding element in the analysis of national idiosyncrasies in accounting practice and in deconstructing the impediments to international harmonization.