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21.
O'Donnell Owen; van Doorslaer Eddy; Rannan-Eliya Ravi P.; Somanathan Aparnaa; Adhikari Shiva Raj; Harbianto Deni; Garg Charu C.; Hanvoravongchai Piya; Huq Mohammed N.; Karan Anup; Leung Gabriel M.; Ng Chiu Wan; Pande Badri Raj; Tin Keith; Tisayaticom Kanjana; Trisnantoro Laksono; Zhang Yuhui; Zhao Yuxin 《World Bank Economic Review》2007,21(1):93-123
The article compares the incidence of public healthcare across11 Asian countries and provinces, testing the dominance of healthcareconcentration curves against an equal distribution and Lorenzcurves and across countries. The analysis reveals that the distributionof public healthcare is prorich in most developing countries.That distribution is avoidable, but a propoor incidence is easierto realize at higher national incomes. The experiences of Malaysia,Sri Lanka, and Thailand suggest that increasing the incidenceof propoor healthcare requires limiting the use of user fees,or protecting the poor effectively from them, and building awide network of health facilities. Economic growth may not onlyrelax the government budget constraint on propoor policies butalso increase propoor incidence indirectly by raising richerindividuals' demand for private sector alternatives. 相似文献
22.
Raj Aggarwal Jenny Berrill Elaine Hutson Colm Kearney 《International Business Review》2011,20(5):557-577
The degree of firm-level multinationality is a key dimension that spans all theoretical frameworks, levels of empirical analysis and domains of investigation in international business research. There is, however, no agreed approach to defining or measuring firm-level multinationality. This is reflected in inconsistent approaches to sample selection and empirical testing, and it has curtailed the advancement of the discipline. We propose that instead of searching for the elusive, all-encompassing definition of an MNC, international business scholars should instead agree on a classification system for the degree of firm-level multinationality. We illustrate the advantages of this approach by constructing a simple classification system that takes into account the firm's breadth and depth of multinational engagements. We illustrate our matrix of firm multinationality by classifying a novel sample of over 1000 firms from seven countries, and we demonstrate how it can guide theory development and empirical testing. We also provide examples of potential future research directions. 相似文献
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Evaluation of subsidiary marketing performance: combining process and outcome performance metrics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dhruv Grewal Gopalkrishnan R. Iyer Wagner A. Kamakura Anuj Mehrotra Arun Sharma 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2009,37(2):117-129
Issues in evaluating marketing performance and devising appropriate metrics for measurement have taken center stage in marketing
thought and practice in recent years. We propose an empirical model that enables a multinational enterprise (MNE) to assess
the marketing performance of its subsidiaries, taking into explicit consideration the fact that tactical actions by subsidiaries
contribute to the creation of assets that can be harnessed for marketing outcomes. Thus, our model captures the asset creation
abilities of marketing expenditures and also takes in to account the environmental differences of the context in which each
MNE subsidiary operates. We evaluate comparative, overall, and process-level (creation of market assets and market yield)
marketing performance in the context of multi-country operations. This simultaneous examination of marketing process and marketing
outcome performance enables a global corporation to gain strategic, operational, and diagnostic insights into the performance
of its subsidiaries. Our approach is empirically illustrated with an evaluation of the marketing performance of subsidiaries
of a large global corporation. 相似文献
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It is generally claimed that brand names are a corporate asset with an economic value that creates wealth for a firm’s shareholders.
However, the scholarly literature has neither provided a comprehensive theoretical basis for this claim nor documented an
empirical relationship between brand value and shareholder value. This exploratory study describes a rationale for, and documents,
the statistical strength and functional form of a brand value-shareholder value relationship for publicly held consumer goods
companies in the United States. A theoretical argument supportive of a positive relationship between a firm’s accumulated
brand value and market-to-book (M/B) ratio was empirically validated. However, even though firms with higher accumulated brand
values have higher M/B ratios, the functional form of the relationship was found to be concave with decreasing returns to
scale. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are outlined, as well as study limitations and directions
for future research.
Roger A. Kerin (Ph.D., University of Minnesota) is the Harold C. Simmons distinguished professor of marketing at the Edwin L. Cox School
of Business, Southern Methodist University. His research focuses on marketing strategy and product management issues. He has
published more than 50 articles appearing in such journals as theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Research, Strategic Management Journal, andManagement Science, in addition to authoring four books. He presently serves on numerous editorial review boards and is a former editor of theJournal of Marketing.
Raj Sethuraman obtained his Ph.D. from Northwestern University and is an assistant professor at the Edwin L. Cox School of Business, Southern
Methodist University. His research focuses on competitive marketing strategies, especially price and advertising strategies.
He has published in several journals including theJournal of Marketing Research, Management Science, Marketing Letters, theJournal of Business Research, and theJournal of Consumer Psychology. 相似文献
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Previous literature documents a negative relationship between leverage and firm growth. This paper finds that once the incentives provided by stock options are accounted for, leverage does not affect firm growth. The paper also finds that the sensitivity of CEOs’ wealth to stock price (i.e. option delta) instead of leverage has a negative relationship with growth. These findings suggest that incentive contracts that tie managers’ wealth to firm value prevent managers from overinvesting. Thus in presence of options the role of debt as a disciplining mechanism has become less important. 相似文献
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Assandé Désiré Adom A.K.M. Mahbub Morshed Subhash C. Sharma 《Revue africaine de developpement》2012,24(1):79-92
Abstract: This study examines the impact of (real) demand shocks, (aggregate) supply shocks, and monetary shocks on real exchange rates in 13 West African countries. We observe that the real demand shocks explain most of the fluctuations in real exchange rates in all these countries. Accordingly, policymakers should adopt a careful demand management strategy by controlling government expenditure and taxes. 相似文献