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151.
Tamara Pejovic Robert B. Noland Victoria Williams Ralf Toumi 《Journal of Air Transport Management》2009,15(5):241-248
This paper identifies the vulnerabilities of operations at Heathrow airport to a short airport closure. The system disruptions assessed are delays, flight rerouting or diversions to alternate airports, and flight cancellations. In addition, the impact on fuel consumption, and hence CO2 emissions, is quantified using the Reorganized Air Traffic Control Mathematical Simulator Plus simulation model and the Advanced Emission Model tool. The results have implications for assessing how increased severe weather events associated with climate change may disrupt airport operations. 相似文献
152.
Shane W. Mathews Masahiro Maruyama Yuka Sakurai Ralf Bebenroth Edwina Luck Hsiu-Li Chen 《Asia Pacific Business Review》2018,24(5):675-692
This study investigates how Internet-related resources and capabilities are influencing performance in Japanese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We use a structural equation modelling approach to test these relationships between Internet readiness, Internet capability, risk-taking perceptions and performance within Japanese SMEs (350 SMEs). Unlike other counterpart countries, such as South Korea, Japanese SMEs have been relatively slow in implementing Internet technologies into business practice. However, the results indicate that if Japanese SMEs allocate appropriate resources and deploy Internet capabilities these firms will benefit with performance gains. Further, we find that both the perception of risk-taking and the industry in which the firm operates are key factors in either inhibiting or enhancing the firm’s ability to leverage Internet-related capabilities for firm performance. 相似文献
153.
Ralf van der Lans 《International Journal of Research in Marketing》2018,35(2):242-257
In many categories, consumers purchase discrete quantities of multiple varieties. For example, when doing grocery shopping for cereals, consumers may purchase in each category three units of brand A, four of brand B, and one of brand C. These decisions are often influenced by nonlinear pricing strategies such as quantity discounts. Modeling such multiple-discrete choices is challenging, as they violate assumptions of standard choice models. In this research, the author introduces a computationally attractive choice model that simultaneously captures 1) variety, 2) discrete quantity, and 3) nonlinear pricing strategies, such as quantity discounts. The model assumes that consumers maximize variety of the choice outcome, while taking into account constraints on utilities of alternatives. Application of the proposed model to two datasets demonstrates the superior fit compared to several rival models. Counterfactual analyses demonstrate that the model is a valuable tool for assortment and pricing decisions. 相似文献
154.
Increasing horizontal as well as vertical transparency in oligopolistic markets can be advantageous for consumers, due to reduced search costs. However, market transparency can also affect incentives to deviate from collusive agreements and the punishment by rival firms in the market. Using a panel of 27 European countries, we analyse the impact of increased market transparency via the introduction of a market transparency unit for fuels in Germany. Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we find evidence that both gasoline and diesel prices have increased. While consumers may be better off using a retail price app for fuels, gas stations are also able to compare prices at almost no cost. 相似文献
155.
Ralf Johannsen 《保险科学杂志》2005,94(1):179-189
The author investigates the new General Liability Insurance Terms 2004 (and 2002). The firmer terms were in the main points from 1921 with a lot of supplements in the following years. It is reasonable that a modern concept of these terms has been created by the German Insurance Association. In the article the pros and the contras are discussed of 16 points of the new terms. The result is that in some points the position of the insured are better than before and in other a little bit worse. As example is to mention that in No. 1.1 is now fixed a very clear definition that not the date of the cause is decisive respecting the insurer’s obligation but the date in which the insured’s action (or non action) leads to a loss event. The insurers hope that in future the courts will accept this definition as clear enough. 相似文献
156.
Ralf M. Mohs 《Intereconomics》1988,23(1):25-28
As a result of a donor conference staged by the World Bank in Paris on 3rd and 4th December, 1987, donor countries and international
organizations now intend to make $6.4 billion available in the form of a special programme to highly indebted, low-income
African countries to carry out structural adjustment programmes during the period 1988–1990. This sum includes approximately
$6.4 billion available in the form of a special programme to highly indebted, low-income
African countries to carry out structural adjustment programmes during the period 1988–1990. This sum includes approximately
3.2 billion of additional funds which donor countries wish to provide in support of such programmes on a co-financing or
parallel financing basis together with the World Bank. This article offers an initial assessment of the proposed special programme,
the possibilities opened up, the risks involved, and the necessary conditions for its success.
The views expressed in this article are those of the author. 相似文献
157.
Empirical studies on earnings quality use various measures that capture particular dimensions of earnings quality. This paper provides a theoretical foundation to evaluate and compare several common earnings quality measures: value relevance; persistence; predictability; smoothness; and discretionary accruals. We use a rational expectations framework in which a manager has market price, earnings, and smoothing incentives and can bias earnings reports. Taking the information content of reported earnings as a natural benchmark, we determine how variations of management incentives, operating risk, and accounting noise affect earnings quality and examine whether the different measures point in the same or in the opposite direction. We find that value relevance and persistence are measures that are closely aligned with each other and with our benchmark, followed by predictability and smoothness. Discretionary accruals measures are less aligned because they are based on the level of accruals, which confounds their information content. Our results also support the notion that smoother earnings and higher discretionary accruals are associated with greater earnings quality. 相似文献
158.
Historically minded social scientists who analyse business and industrial development over time – including business historians – often deploy the term ‘industry’ as if its meaning were both self-evident and unchanging through time. This article uses the case of the international industrial gases industry over the course of 12 decades to demonstrate some ways in which a more critical and dynamic view of ‘industry’ – in combination with recognition of the imperfect overlap between firms on the one hand and industries on the other – enables better understanding and analysis of both. 相似文献
159.
160.
Unter Verwendung der Standard-Software SAP R/3 l?sst sich eine integriert ablaufende Unternehmensplanung für ein Unternehmen mit Serienfertigung realisieren. 相似文献