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21.
Summary We provide an elementary proof showing how in economies with an arbitrary number of agents an arbitrary number of public goods and utility functions quasi-linear in money, any efficient and individually rational mechanism is not strategy-proof for any economy satisfying a mild regularity requirement.The authors wish to thank William Thomson, Salvadpr Barberá, José Angel Silva and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. The remaining errors are our exclusive responsibility. Financial support from DGICYT under project PB 91-0756 and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
22.
This paper shows how the interaction between decentralized information gathering and discreteness of investment decisions at the individual level can generate random fluctuations in aggregate investment that involve occasionally large allocation errors. This interaction is illustrated in a model in which private information is costly to acquire and prices reveal information. The unique rational expectations equilibrium outcome of the model is shown to always be noisy and characterized by investment levels which may be high simply because uninformed investors are buying under the impression that the high price is a signal of good investment opportunities. 相似文献
23.
24.
Juan Carlos Bárcena-ruiz María Begoña Garzón 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,24(2):121-139
The purpose of this paper is tostudy how the choice of environmental standardsby governments is affected by the existence ofwage incomes when firms locations areendogenous. In developed countries labor isunionized, which allows positive wage incomesto arise. Thus, each government has incentivesto persuade firms to locate in its countrysince social welfare depends on suchincomes. But, as pollution damages theenvironment, each government will only try toattract polluting firms to thecountry, to obtain the wage incomes, whenthe valuation of environmental damage showsthat it is low. 相似文献
25.
Over the last decade, the public sector in Mexico experienced substantial fiscal reform, divestiture of public enterprises,
and the elimination of many regulations affecting pay and employment. This study analyzes the changes in the public/private
sector differences in wages during the 1987–1997 period. The results from analyzing microdata from the Encuesta Nacional de
Empleo Urbano show that relative public sector wages increased from 1987 to 1997. Most of the relative wage increase in the
public sector can be explained by increases in the price of skills and by changes in sorting across sectors. The results have
important public policy implications since they suggest that public sector workers earn more and their wages have grown faster
than those of their private sector counterparts. As such, policies contemplating public sector reform should take into account
the effect of these measures on the inter-sectoral income distribution and the overall economic growth.
First version received: April 2000/Final version received: December 2000 相似文献
26.
Björn S. Stefánsson 《Quality and Quantity》1995,29(4):433-438
The theme is Arrow's requirement in his theorem of 1951 on methods for group choice, that the choice be independent of irrelevant alternatives. The attention is drawn to (1) his own explanation of this requirement in 1972, which is a quite different understanding than has been discussed in the voluminous literature on the theorem, (2) that Arrow, in fact, in 1985 showed an understanding for how irrelevant alternatives might in a meaningful way influence the group choice, (3) that admittedly the border-line between irrelevant and relevant alternatives in Arrow's original statement is arbitrary, and (4) that Arrow, if he had observed the final thought in the origin of the group theory by Borda, which he admittedly did not, might have realized that Borda's method stringently estimates the relevance of each alternative for the result.The author expresses his surprise that a theoretical conclusion based on an arbitrary fundament has been admired so long. 相似文献
27.
The impressive and spontaneous build-up of the private small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic in 1990–93 coincided with the similarly dramatic changes in the public administration and in the whole environment for decision-making. The resulting problems of SMEs in the Czech Republic seem to be common to all economies in transition. A lot of the problems are caused by the macroeconomic policy for which this sector is not the most important part of the national economy. The paper shows some conflicts between macroeconomic anti-inflationary (monetary and fiscal) policies, and interests of small businesses. The authors stress the importance of SMEs during the period of transition. Informal aspects of the functioning of small firms are discussed, especially their relation with banks and public administration. The paper offers some empirical evidence and available statistics on SMEs developments during 1990–94 focusing particularly on manufacturing. 相似文献
28.
Tereza Tykvová 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2006,20(4):399-418
Empirical literature emphasizes a positive contribution of private equity investors, which results from their combined provision
of capital, monitoring, and management support. The aim of this study is to show that these previous results, which are based
mostly on the analysis of US independent closed-end private equity funds, cannot be generalized since the private equity industry
should not be treated as homogenous. We argue that it is necessary to distinguish between different types of private equity
providers because their differing governance structures, strategic goals and experiences have a decisive influence on their
value adding activities. The results of this study—which uses a data set of 179 German private equity-backed companies—are
consistent with the conjecture that independent and corporate private equity providers tend to have a more pronounced role
in corporate governance and monitoring of the companies they finance, than bank-dependent and governmental funds which often
serve only as bridge investors.
相似文献
29.
Board of Directors and CSR in Banking: The Moderating Role of Bank Regulation and Investor Protection Strength 下载免费PDF全文
Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez Jennifer Martínez‐Ferrero Emma García‐Meca 《Australian Accounting Review》2018,28(3):428-445
This paper brings together research on boards of directors as the backbone of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in the banking industry. The underlying idea is that some characteristics of bank boards, in particular independence and gender diversity, may impact the CSR commitments of banks. By making use of a sample of 159 banks in nine countries during the period 2004–2010, our empirical evidence suggests that banks with more independent directors and more female members on their boards incline toward socially responsible behaviour. Our results also suggest that institutional factors play a significant role in these effects. They show that in greater regulatory and stronger investor protection environments, board independence and gender diversity have more influence on the social behaviour of banks. 相似文献
30.
Pablo Piñero Martin Bruckner Hanspeter Wieland Eva Pongrácz Stefan Giljum 《Economic Systems Research》2019,31(2):206-227
A new approach to allocate environmental responsibility, the ‘value added-based responsibility’ allocation, is presented in this article. This metric allocates total environmental pressures occurring along an international supply chain to the participating sectors and countries according to the share of value added they generate within that specific supply chain. We show that – due to their position in global value chains – certain sectors (e.g. services) and countries (e.g. Germany) receive significantly greater responsibility compared to other allocation approaches. This adds a new perspective to the discussions concerning a fair distribution of mitigation costs among nations, companies and consumers. 相似文献