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Many transition economies are characterised by a relativelyrudimentary institutional framework. Weak legislative structuresand the absence of effective market regulation and propertyright enforcement rules diminish the chance of mutually profitablebusiness transactions andmore generallyrestrictthe chances for innovation and sustainable growth. Against thisbackground, we analyse the extent to which more efficient governancemechanisms can contribute to a more favourable business environment.In doing so, we adopt a network perspective. We argue that bothin developed market economies as well as in centrally plannedeconomies much of economic exchange takes place in networks.However, the characteristics of these networks, in particularthe concept of trust, can differ significantly. This leads usto conclude that the real challenge of the process of economictransition is connected to building new economic exchange networks.In this paper, we discuss this argument and analyse how thecurrent enlargement of the EU into Eastern Europe may favourablyaffect this process of institutional change in the accessioncountries. 相似文献
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In this paper a set of ten different single-equation models of residential energy demand is being analyzed, derived by the imposition of linear parameter restrictions on a fairly general autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model. Residential energy consumption is assumed to be explainable by households' real disposable income, movements in the real price of energy, and the temperature variable ‘heating degree days’. In the empirical application, Austrian annual data for the period 1970 to 1992 are used. The main focus of the paper is on the control of the overall significance level of the tests based on the application of the closure test principle, introduced by Marcus, Peritz, and Gabriel (1976). The application illustrates nicely how one can, by defining a closed system of hypotheses, control the significance level α in supporting the search for a suitable specific model. The wide range of estimated elasticities, however, indicates that the estimation results depend strongly on the choice of the model specification. 相似文献
36.
Reinhard Kamitz 《Journal of Economics》1966,26(1-3):105-122
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
37.
After the EU enlargement in 2004, there is a clear commitment of the EU and the new member states to aim at an enlargement of the euro zone within the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) as well. This might have significant effects on the old EMU, the new members, and even on the global economy. The present paper analyzes some macroeconomic effects and particularly the impact on the effects of stabilization policies when switching to an enlarged euro zone under different assumptions about fiscal and monetary policy regimes in Europe and under alternative types of economic shocks. Also, the implications for the US of different European monetary regimes are evaluated. The results suggest that economic benefits for all countries are rather small. For the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), even disadvantages may dominate. 相似文献
38.
Reinhard Neck Jens Uwe W?chter Friedrich Schneider 《International Tax and Public Finance》2012,19(1):104-117
In this paper we investigate how the possibility of (legal) tax avoidance affects the extent of (illegal) tax evasion and
hence the shadow economy. We formulate a theoretical microeconomic model of household behavior in which households can participate
in the official and in the shadow economy. Using comparative statics, we show that the complexity of the tax system affects
participation in the shadow economy negatively, i.e. a more complex tax system with more possibilities of legal tax avoidance
implies, ceteris paribus, a smaller labor supply in the shadow economy. In addition, we show that a reduction in the maximum
admissible number of working hours in the official economy increases the labor supply in the shadow economy. 相似文献
39.
Reinhard Bork 《国际破产评论》2012,21(2):127-141
This article deals with the creditor's committee as a tool to increase the participation of creditors and thereby the transparency and acceptance of the office holder's decisions. For this purpose, the laws of England and Germany, as major and significant jurisdictions, will be analysed to compare the different approaches and results, particularly as regards the establishment, composition, tasks and procedure of the committee as well as the liability and the remuneration of the committee's members. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
40.
Macroeconomic Policy Design in the European Monetary Union: A Numerical Game Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Optimal economic reactions of European policy-makers on exogenous shocks are determined by simulating a global macroeconomic model under different institutional arrangements. In particular, it is investigated whether discretionary or rule-based policies and whether non-cooperative or cooperative policies for Europe result in a better performance as measured by intertemporal objective functions. The results show that the answers to these questions depend strongly on the nature of the shock to which European economies are exposed. For a negative supply shock, rule-based policies dominate, whereas for a negative demand shock, cooperative fiscal policy-making within the European Monetary Union gives the best results. 相似文献