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41.
The euro illusion is a transient phenomenon that consists of currency-related asymmetries in the intuitive judgment of product
prices made by consumers. The results of a cross-country study in the third year after the introduction of the euro show a
strong price estimation asymmetry in a country with an extreme exchange rate (Italy) and a weaker effect in a country in which
the nominal values of the new and the old currency are much closer (Ireland). These results rule out proposed explanations
of the euro illusion in price estimation that assume the sole influence of plausible anchors (reference prices stored in memory
within the plausible price range), supporting instead accounts also endorsing the role of implausible anchors (reference prices
outside the plausible price range). Beyond contributing to our theoretical understanding of the euro illusion, this research
starts to unveil the interplay between structural factors (i.e., the currency exchange rate) and psychological mechanisms
that produce long-lasting difficulties for consumers after a monetary changeover.
相似文献
Rob RanyardEmail: |
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Sarah J. Todd Rob W. Lawson 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》1999,4(3):235-244
While marketing academics have long advocated the application of marketing principles by not-for-profit organisations, a review of the literature suggests that attempts to segment financial donors have primarily concentrated on demographic variables. Recently, there have been moves to gain a better understanding of more psychographic influences on individuals' propensity to contribute to charities. It is proposed that the concept of values offers potential for enhancing this understanding. Findings confirm some earlier studies in that demographics such as age, education and household income significantly discriminate between heavy and light donors. Additionally, ten of the initial 56 values tested contribute to the overall discriminant model obtained. The profiles obtained suggest that distinct promotional strategies, with emphasis on different reasons for donating, may appeal to the two groups. Copyright © 1999 Henry Stewart Publications 相似文献
44.
This article analyses the modified form of ad valorem royalty recently announced by the WA government in relation to gold production, which features a threshold price below which there is no tax liability and compares this royalty with a profit-based royalty. The level at which the threshold price is set plays an important role in determining the performance of the royalty in relation to its impact on production and the expected level and variability of tax revenue. It is argued that the higher this price is set, the stronger the grounds for preferring a profit-based royalty, even taking into account the reliability of each form for generating tax revenue. 相似文献
45.
We construct an industry-equilibrium model in which it is costly for consumers who have previously purchased from one firm to switch to competitors. This gives firms a certain degree of market power over their established customers. The equilibria we identify under these conditions have the following properties: (1) there is a nontrivial size distribution of firms, although firms are intrinsically identical, (2) larger firms make higher profits, (3) larger firms spend more on R&D, (4) larger firms charge (on average) lower prices, and (5) profits are positively correlated over time. These properties match empirical regularities concerning the manufacturing and retail sectors in the U.S. economy. 相似文献
46.
We examine the mean and variance–covariance structure of log-wages over calendar time and the life cycle of British men, hereby controlling for birth cohort effects. We attribute the strong increase in mean log-wage during the 1980s and 1990s to a rise in mean log-wage with the year of birth. This rise is diminishing with the year of birth, which implies lower wage inequality between cohorts with the year of birth. Wage inequality has increased during the 1980s and early 1990s and remained fairly stable in the second half of the 1990s. The year effects, however, show increasing wage inequality up to 2001, mainly due to a strong rise in transitory wage inequality. Transitory wages are strongly correlated over time and an increase in transitory wage inequality therefore has highly persistent inequality consequences. The stable wage inequality in the second half of the 1990s is attributed to lower within-cohort wage inequality for the younger cohorts. The age effects show that permanent wage inequality increases with age, in particular up to age 30 and over age 50. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Rob A. Cramb 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2005,49(2):211-226
The formation of social capital is hypothesised to enhance collective efforts for soil conservation. The Landcare Program in the southern Philippines promotes simple conservation practices in upland environments by supporting community landcare groups and municipal landcare associations, thus augmenting social capital. A study was conducted in 2002–2003 to evaluate the Landcare Program, using a mix of quantitative and qualitative techniques. In the present paper, the relationship between social capital formation and adoption of soil conservation in the Municipality of Lantapan is investigated. It is concluded that the Landcare Program as a whole created a valuable stock of bridging social capital, rapidly accelerating the adoption of contour farming measures, but that on‐going support is needed to maintain this capital stock. 相似文献
49.
This paper analyses the issue of balancing the gains from trade with the risk of pest and disease transference. Two decision frameworks for determining whether or not to permit trade in a potentially invasive species-carrying good are presented. The first considers only the potential production losses resulting from an invasive species entering through a trade pathway, as is prescribed by WTO compliance. The second is a unilateral welfare-maximising approach which considers the consumer gains from trade, the loss of domestic producers’ market share and expected damage from the invasive species. It is shown that these alternative decision frameworks can be reconciled such that they produce the same outcome regarding whether or not trade is to be permitted. The key parameters which influence these decisions are also highlighted. 相似文献
50.
From its inception the operation of the CAP has required the compliance monitoring of farming activities and anticipated increases in the complexity of the monitoring tasks with the introduction of the SFP will stretch monitoring resources even further. We outline the scope for using targeting to enhance effectiveness of monitoring resources in dealing with non-compliant behaviour. Targeting resources can increase information on particular groups making identification of inappropriate behaviour easier. However, in reallocating monitoring resources towards the targeted sub-group, there is likely to be an associated reduction in resources allocated to monitoring non-targeted agents and therefore an increase in their incentive to cheat. To reduce this problem we suggest balancing the targeting-induced reduction in the probability of being caught cheating for non-targeted agents with an appropriate increase in the penalty for those agents if they are caught cheating. This increase in penalty results in an increased divergence between the outcomes from being caught or not caught cheating for non-targeted agents, which increases the overall perceived risk of the cheating option. And for risk-averse agents, this increase is a disincentive to cheating. On this basis we argue for greater use of target-based compliance monitoring as part of the revised and evolving CAP. 相似文献