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201.
Rolf PA Dauskardt 《Development Southern Africa》2004,21(2):329-351
Continuing decentralisation in most developing countries increases pressure on local governments to manage more functions and services and larger budgets. In this context, financial improvement planning (FIP) is a strategy that can be used by local governments wishing to improve or ‘fine‐tune’ their financial performance, and especially by those facing serious financial difficulties. This article examines the application of FIP in the town of Kitwe, Zambia, which faces financial difficulties within a national decentralisation framework characterised by several policy and fiscal deficiencies. The article covers how an FIP framework was developed, undertaken and the resultant interventions structured. Implications regarding the role, design and techniques of FIP in local governments within a decentralisation policy framework are elaborated upon. Effective decentralisation in southern African countries requires local governments to undertake sound financial management. In turn, this requires local governments to embrace challenging local policy processes. Development of FIP techniques, and strengthening local capacity and policy to support them in local governments, should be ingredients of any country's decentralisation programme. 相似文献
202.
Traditionally, conceptualizations of human values are based on the assumption that individuals possess a single integrated
value system comprising those values that people are attracted by and strive for. Recently, however, van Quaquebeke et al.
(in J Bus Ethics 93:293–305, 2010) proposed that a value system might consist of two largely independent value orientations—an orientation of ideal values
and an orientation of counter-ideal values (values that individuals are repelled by), and that both orientations exhibit antithetic
effects on people’s responses to the social world. Following a call for further research on this distinction, we conducted
two studies to assess the independent effects of ideal and counter-ideal values in leadership settings. Study 1 (N = 131) finds both value orientations to explain unique variance in followers’ vertical respect for their leaders. Study 2
(N = 136) confirms these results and additionally shows an analogous effect for followers’ identification with their leaders.
Most importantly, we find that both value orientations exhibit their effects only independently when the content of the two
orientations pertain to different value types in Schwartz’s (in J Soc Issues 50:19–46, 1994) circumplex model. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献
203.
204.
Unemployment Shocks and Income Distribution: How did the Nordic Countries Fare during their Crises? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rolf Aaberge Tom Wennemo ers Bjorklund Markus Jantti Peder J. Pedersen & Nina Smith 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2000,102(1):77-99
We study the inequality of disposable income in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden during the late 1980s and early 1990s when unemployment rose dramatically in all four countries. A standard measure of inequality — the Gini coefficient – was surprisingly stable in all countries during this period. By decomposing the Gini into income components, we test hypotheses about the reasons for this stable income distribution. Our most straightforward hypothesis, that rising unemployment benefits counteracted the impact of more unequally distributed earnings, receives only limited support. More complex mechanisms seem to have been at work.
JEL classification: D 30; D 31; J 60 相似文献
JEL classification: D 30; D 31; J 60 相似文献
205.
Horst Tomann Lothar Scholz Heiko Körner Michael Wolgast John D. Pitchford Paul A. Kocher Torsten Tewes Rolf J. Langhammer André Schleiter Jan Winiecki Suphan Andic Franz Gehrels 《Review of World Economics》1991,127(3):604-625
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
206.
Karl Rolf Pedersen 《International Tax and Public Finance》2001,8(5-6):693-703
Contributing to the alleviation of poverty in recipient countries is one of the main goals of most aid organizations. In this paper the following question is asked: could it be the case that altruistic aid organizations are counter-productive in the sense that their activities may cause the extent of poverty to increase or the relative income distribution to worsen? The answer is yes and the reason is simply that recipient governments adjust in order to qualify for aid. It is shown that if recipient governments perceive themselves as being engaged in a competition for aid and/or if the aggregate aid budget is endogenous, then the incentive problems may become particularly severe. 相似文献
207.
Rolf Sternberg 《Small Business Economics》1996,8(2):75-86
Since the 1980s, all industrialized countries have established technology policies aimed at increasing economic growth through the development of scientific and technical resources. Most technology policy initiates are at the national level and are predominantly concerned with levels of funding. This is a problem because high-tech industrial development is observed to be regional in nature and national technology policies do not explicitly pursue regional goals. This paper tests two hypotheses. First, that the different explicit and implicit technology policies have had a significant, although unintended, impact on the development of a special type of space, the high-tech regions. Next, that the spatial effects of government technology policy promote high-tech regions over other regions, although this influence is primarily of an implicit or unintended nature. 相似文献
208.
209.
210.
Michael Stuetzer Martin Obschonka Udo Brixy Rolf Sternberg Uwe Cantner 《Small Business Economics》2014,42(2):221-244
This article seeks to better understand the link between regional characteristics and individual entrepreneurship. We combine individual-level Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data for Western Germany with regional-level data, using multilevel analysis to test our hypotheses. We find no direct link between regional knowledge creation, the economic context and an entrepreneurial culture on the one side and individual business start-up intentions and start-up activity on the other side. However, our findings point to the importance of an indirect effect of regional characteristics as knowledge creation, the economic context and an entrepreneurial culture have an effect on the individual perception of founding opportunities, which in turn predicted start-up intentions and activity. 相似文献