排序方式： 共有27条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
In this paper we find a new test of goodness of fit in the case of discrete random variables. The main advantage of the methodology proposed in this paper relies on the fact that given the sample, we can control the probability of the type I error, that is α, and then find the exact value of the probability of the type II error, β, associated, in some cases. The results are not asymptotic, but exact. Also a conditional test for two alternatives is obtained. We also include some simulations in order to check the power of the procedures.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) Primary 62G10 · 62B05 · Secondary 62E10 相似文献
12.
We propose a calibrated estimator of the quantiles of sample survey data and discuss the asymptotic theory behind it. This
estimator is defined for any sampling design and uses the information available on J auxiliary variables. A simulation study based on a real population is used to compare the estimator with various methods
proposed previously. 相似文献
13.
This paper proposes a new unbiased estimator for the population variance in finite population sample surveys using auxiliary
information. This estimator has a smaller mean squared error than the conventional unbiased estimator, the ratio estimator
established by Isaki (1983) and it has the same precision than the regression estimator. Furthermore, it is a much more interesting
estimator from the computation viewpoint. 相似文献
14.
For any probability model M={p(x|θ, ω), θεΘ, ωεΩ} assumed to describe the probabilistic behaviour of data xεX, it is argued that testing whether or not the available data are compatible with the hypothesis H0={θ=θ0} is best considered as a formal decision problem on whether to use (a0), or not to use (a0), the simpler probability model (or null model) M0={p(x|θ0, ω), ωεΩ}, where the loss difference L(a0, θ, ω) –L(a0, θ, ω) is proportional to the amount of information δ(θ0, ω), which would be lost if the simplified model M0 were used as a proxy for the assumed model M. For any prior distribution π(θ, ω), the appropriate normative solution is obtained by rejecting the null model M0 whenever the corresponding posterior expectation ∫∫δ(θ0, θ, ω)π(θ, ω|x)dθdω is sufficiently large. Specification of a subjective prior is always difficult, and often polemical, in scientific communication. Information theory may be used to specify a prior, the reference prior, which only depends on the assumed model M, and mathematically describes a situation where no prior information is available about the quantity of interest. The reference posterior expectation, d(θ0, x) =∫δπ(δ|x)dδ, of the amount of information δ(θ0, θ, ω) which could be lost if the null model were used, provides an attractive nonnegative test function, the intrinsic statistic, which is invariant under reparametrization. The intrinsic statistic d(θ0, x) is measured in units of information, and it is easily calibrated (for any sample size and any dimensionality) in terms of some average log‐likelihood ratios. The corresponding Bayes decision rule, the Bayesian reference criterion (BRC), indicates that the null model M0 should only be rejected if the posterior expected loss of information from using the simplified model M0 is too large or, equivalently, if the associated expected average log‐likelihood ratio is large enough. The BRC criterion provides a general reference Bayesian solution to hypothesis testing which does not assume a probability mass concentrated on M0 and, hence, it is immune to Lindley's paradox. The theory is illustrated within the context of multivariate normal data, where it is shown to avoid Rao's paradox on the inconsistency between univariate and multivariate frequentist hypothesis testing. 相似文献
15.
Enrique Rueda‐Sabater 《Corporate Governance: An International Review》2000,8(2):117-124
Following the rapid growth of foreign investment flows in the 1980s and 1990s some countries that had been dependent on official aid are now (even after the recent financial crises) obtaining most of their external financing from private sources. But low‐income countries still receive little private capital flows. Arguing that corporate governance, broadly defined to include many business practices, is an important determinant of inward foreign investment this paper explores links between corporate Governance: And the ability of developing countries to attract foreign investment. It raises policy questions for developing countries and points to the need for complementary actions by government, businesses associations and institutional investors to promote corporate governance improvements. 相似文献
16.
Sanjay Sharma J. Alberto Aragn‐Correa Antonio Rueda‐Manzanares 《Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de lu0027Administration》2007,24(4):268-283
Our study of 134 North American and European ski resorts examines the influence of externally focused organizational capabilities on the generation of proactive environmental strategies under contingent effects of uncertainty in the general business environment. We find that the capabilities of strategic proactivity and continuous innovation are associated with proactive environmental strategies. Managerial perceptions of uncertainty in the general business environment moderate the deployment of the capability of continuous innovation at all levels of uncertainty and stakeholder engagement at low and average levels of uncertainty. The study contributes to the resource‐based view (RBV) by illuminating an important contingency under which capabilities are likely to be deployed to generate a proactive corporate strategy. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
One of the most difficult problems confronting investigators who analyze data from surveys is how treat missing data. Many
statistical procedures can not be used immediately if any values are missing. This paper considers the problem of estimating
the population mean using auxiliary information when some observations on the sample are missing and the population mean of
the auxiliary variable is not available. We use tools of classical statistical estimation theory to find a suitable estimator.
We study the model and design properties of the proposed estimator. We also report the results of a broad-based simulation
study of the efficiency of the estimator, which reveals very promising results. 相似文献
18.
A new method to derive confidence intervals for medians in a finite population is presented. This method uses multi-auxiliary information through a multivariate regression type estimator of the population distribution function. A simulation study based on four real populations shows its behaviour versus other known methods. 相似文献
19.
In the present investigation, we have made first shot to propose an alternative estimator of population total, in the presence
of random non-response, for multi-characteristics by using probability proportional to size and without replacement (PPSWOR)
sampling when the selection probabilities are poorly correlated with the study variables. The mean square error (MSE) expressions
are derived for the proposed estimator. The behavior of the proposed estimator has been examined under super population model.
An empirical study has also been carried out to look into the performance of the proposed estimator. The proposed estimator
has been applied to real data set. 相似文献
20.
Nonparametric regression has only recently been employed in the estimation of finite population parameters in a model-assisted framework. This paper proposes a new calibration estimator for the distribution function using nonparametric methods to obtain the fitted values on which to calibrate. The proposed estimator is a genuine distribution function that presents several attractive features. In terms of relative efficiency and relative bias, the behaviour of the proposed estimator is compared to other known estimators in a limited simulation study on real populations. 相似文献