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31.
The impact of trade liberalization and of market deregulation in general, on the performance of agriculture remains contentious and empirical issue in the literature. Following the random coefficient frontier modelling framework, this paper attempts to contribute to this debate by computing the farm-specific productive efficiency indices in Bangladesh agriculture before and after reform. It also examines the impact of some farm-specific and policy variables on productive efficiency. The empirical results show that there are wide variations in productive efficiency across farms and regions and the average efficiency of all regions increased modestly by 8 percentage points from the pre-reform to post-reform period. The efficiency differentials are largely explained by farm size, infrastructure, households' off-farm income and the reduction of government anti-agricultural bias in relation to trade and domestic policies. The implication of these results suggests the need for further policy reform to augment productive efficiency. 相似文献
32.
This study applies the Färe–Primont index to calculate total factor productivity (TFP) indices for agriculture in 17 regions of Bangladesh covering a 61‐year period (1948–2008). It decomposes the TFP index into six finer components (technical change, technical‐, scale‐ and mix‐efficiency changes, residual scale‐ and residual mix‐efficiency changes). Results reveal that TFP grew at an average rate of 0.57% p.a. led by the Chittagong, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dinajpur and Noakhali regions. TFP growth is largely powered by technological progress estimated at 0.74% p.a. Technical efficiency improvement is negligible (0.01% p.a.) due to stagnant efficiency in most of the regions. Decline in scale efficiency is also negligible (0.01% p.a.), but the decline in mix efficiency is high at 0.19% p.a. Decomposition of the components of TFP changes into finer measures of efficiency corrects the existing literature’s blame of a decline in technical efficiency as the main cause of poor TFP growth in Bangladesh. Among the sources, farm size, R&D investment, extension expenditure and crop specialisation positively influenced TFP growth, whereas the literacy rate had a negative influence on growth. Policy implications include encouraging investment in R&D and extension, land reform measures to increase average farm size, promotion of Green Revolution technology and crop diversification. 相似文献
33.
Mohd Yaziz Mohd Isa Md. Zabid Haji Abdul Rashid 《现代会计与审计》2014,(11):1119-1129
The growth in shadow banking system over the past few years is acknowledged as the key risk to Malaysia's financial stability. This is because that it is associated with growth in the household debts extended by the shadow banks. In line with initiatives by the Bank Negara Malaysia (the Central Bank of Malaysia) to enhance surveillance on the activities of the shadow banks in Malaysia, this study attempts to examine the determinants of default risks of shadow banks restricting to focus on their two main activities: securitization and collateralization. The results provide empirical evidence that future methodology to examine the systemic risks in the shadow banking system may need to account for additional explanatory variables that measure collateralized assets that are being intermediated. 相似文献
34.
This article examined the effect of culture and religiosity on perceptions of business ethics among students in a tertiary
institution in Malaysia. A structured questionnaire was developed with scenarios on various aspects of business ethics, and
self-administered to the students in the business studies program. The results from 767 respondents showed that there were
significant differences among the Malays, Chinese, and Indian students on seven scenarios namely selling hazardous products,
misleading instructions, selling defective products, padding expense account, taking sick to take a day off, keeping quiet
on defective products, and respond to supplier’s take good care of clients attitude. There was also an association between
culture and religiosity. The MANOVA results also showed that culture and religiosity have an effect on perceptions of business
ethics. 相似文献
35.
This study empirically investigates the existence of twin deficits—the impact of fiscal policy on the current account—among selected major oil-exporting countries. Given the huge effects of the oil proceeds on these economies, the study separates the effects of oil on the fiscal balance from its effect on the current account balance. The investigation took a further step by grouping these countries—based on their fiscal policy actions over the period of years under review—into pro-cyclical and counter-cyclical fiscal countries. In line with the existing literature, the impact of fiscal balance on the current account balance takes into consideration the contemporaneous effects brought about by exchange rate fluctuations, the growth in GDP, rate of openness and the growth in money supply. The models are estimated based on a panel of 31 oil-exporting countries over the period 1984–2013, using the two-stage least squares estimation techniques. The results from all countries estimations reveal the existence of twin-deficit in the total economy. In the non-oil economy, on the other hand, the evidence of twin-deficit disappears. This evidence is also reported in the counter-cyclical fiscal countries. Results from pro-cyclical fiscal countries indicated the total opposite, revealing the existence of twin-deficit in the non-oil economy, while this evidence does not occur in the total economy. The indisputable conclusion is that oil dominance continues to blur the existence of twin deficits among the oil-exporting countries. 相似文献
36.
Bankruptcy prediction has received a growing interest in corporate finance and risk management recently. Although numerous studies in the literature have dealt with various statistical and artificial intelligence classifiers, their performance in credit risk forecasting needs to be further scrutinized compared to other methods. In the spirit of Chen, Härdle and Moro (2011, Quantitative Finance), we design an empirical study to assess the effectiveness of various machine learning topologies trained with big data approaches and qualitative, rather than quantitative, information as input variables. The experimental results from a ten-fold cross-validation methodology demonstrate that a generalized regression neural topology yields an accuracy measurement of 99.96%, a sensitivity measure of 99.91% and specificity of 100%. Indeed, this specific model outperformed multi-layer back-propagation networks, probabilistic neural networks, radial basis functions and regression trees, as well as other advanced classifiers. The utilization of advanced nonlinear classifiers based on big data methodologies and machine learning training generates outperforming results compared to traditional methods for bankruptcy forecasting and risk measurement. 相似文献
37.
Muhammad Ashraf Javid Amani Rashid Al-Hashimi 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2020,27(2):172-180
AbstractTraffic accidents and related fatalities have become a major public health problem in the world. This study aims to identify the significant factors that play an important role in the speeding behavior of drivers. A comprehensive questionnaire was designed and conducted with the students and employees of the University of Nizwa. The questionnaire items were designed considering the theoretical background of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and local socio-cultural aspects of the driving environment. A total of 303 usable samples were obtained. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis and structural equation modelling technique. The extracted factors of speeding passion and culture, speeding attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are significant determinants of drivers speeding behavior in Oman. The driver’s speeding attitudes, speeding culture, and passion have positive association with the drivers’ speeding intentions and behavior, and driver’s perceived behavioral control forms negative relationship with the speeding behavior. This study confirms the application of the TPB in predicting the drivers’ speeding behavior in the context of Oman. 相似文献
38.
Behzadidoost Rashid Hasheminezhad Mahdieh Farshi Mohammad Derhami Vali Alamiyan-Harandi Farinaz 《Quality and Quantity》2022,56(5):3053-3084
Quality & Quantity - In the big data era, there is a necessity for effective frameworks to collect, retrieve, and manage data. As not all tweets are hashtagged by users, retrieving them is a... 相似文献
39.
Salim Chahine Jonathan D. Arthurs Igor Filatotchev Robert E. Hoskisson 《Journal of Corporate Finance》2012,18(1):179-192
This study examines the extent to which principal–principal agency conflicts within venture capital (VC) syndicates lead to additional principal–agent conflicts in IPO firms in two institutional contexts. Using a matched sample of 274 VC-backed IPOs in the US and the UK, it shows that the diversity of a VC syndicate increases pre-IPO discretionary current accruals, used as a proxy for earnings management, but the impact of such diversity is higher in the US. There is also evidence of higher underpricing and lower aftermarket performance in firms with higher earnings management and VC diversity, and these negative performance effects are also higher in the US. Our findings indicate that local and informal institutions have a significant effect on multiple agency conflicts in IPO firms and performance outcomes. 相似文献
40.