Pawns and queens revisited: public provision of private goods when individuals make mistakes

This paper analyses the optimal tax policy and public provision of private goods when the government is paternalistic and has a redistributive objective. When individuals only differ with respect to their income-earning abilities, the publicly-provided goods should be overprovided, relative to the decentralised optimum, if society’s marginal valuation of them exceeds the individual valuation and if these goods are complements to labour supply. However, when the individuals also differ in terms of their valuation of the publicly-provided good, this simple conclusion does not hold. Optimal marginal income tax rates are shown to differ from the standard rules if publicly-provided goods and labour supply are related.      

Incidence of teams in the firms owned by serial,portfolio and first-time entrepreneurs

This study focused on the prevalence of teams in the firms owned by habitual and first-time entrepreneurs. Most team-oriented studies in the field of entrepreneurship have rather focused on entrepreneurial than management teams. In this study, we extend the prior research by linking management teams to the discussion and by paying attention a previous closure experience of an entrepreneur. The research revealed that management teams were more common in the firms owned by habitual than first-time entrepreneurs. Correspondingly, there were more solo entrepreneurs among the first-time entrepreneurs. The results also suggest that a closure experience decrease the probability of solo entrepreneurship.     

Predators in the web of life: World ecology of historical human–wolf relations in Finland

To better understand current conflicts related to human–wolf interactions in Finland, this article undertakes a longue-durée examination of societal structural transformations and how they have influenced ways of relating to nature in the country. Through a world-ecological perspective, we weave together a historical review and results of ethnographic fieldwork to explain how and why human–wolf relations in Finland transformed from indifferent coexistence to purposeful eradication in the late 19th century and ultimately to contemporary contested protection. We argue that the nature-making capacities of capitalist development are an integral part of the historical circumstances that led to the eradication of wolves, which was not only the result of animosity towards wolves but also fuelled by the interests of elite hunters. The resulting negative perceptions, coupled with changes in practices and landscapes during the wolf-less era, are central in current contestations, illustrating the deep ideological, emotional, and practical nature relations that capitalism creates.